Adrasteja (nimfa)

Adrasteja
Adrasteja
Grupe	Nimfa
Podgrupe	Oreade
Roditelji	Melisej
Mitologija	Grčka mitologija
Stanište	Frigija

Adrasteja (starogrčki: Ἀδράστεια ) u grčkoj mitologiji bila je Oreada koja je boravila na planini Frigija vjerovatno povezana sa Kibelom, kasnije kritskom nimfom i Melisejevom kćerkom, kojoj je Reja naložila da u tajnosti njeguje dijete Zeusa, kako bi ga zaštitila od njegovog oca Krona. Najkasnije u petom vijeku p. n. e, ona se poistovjetila sa Nemezidom, boginjom božanske odmazde.^[1]

Kult

Adrasteja je bila boginja "neizbježne sudbine",^[2] koja je predstavljala "hitnu nužnost" i neizbježnost kazne.^[3] Imala je kult u Kiziku (sa obližnjim hramom) i na frigijskoj planini Ida.^[4] Adrasteja je također bila predmet javnog obožavanja u Atini barem od 429. p. n.e.^[5] Njeno ime se pojavljuje u "Računima blagajnika drugih bogova", povezanim sa tračkom boginjom Bendis, sa kojom je, izgleda, dijelila riznicu ili račune, što ukazuje da je u Atini njen kult bio podržan javnim fondovima.^[6]

Adrasteja je također obožavana, zajedno sa Nemesisom, na Kosu.^[7] Geograf iz 2. vijeka Pausanija izvještava da je vidio statuu Adrasteje u hramu Apolona, Artemide i Letoa u Ciri, blizu Delfa.^[8]

Mitologija

Adrasteja se povezivala sa rođenjem Zeusa.^[9] U tom kontekstu za nju se govorilo da je nimfa kritske planine Ide. Titanica Reja je dala svog sina, malog Zeusa, Kuribantima i nimfama Adrasteji i Idi, Melisejevim kćerima, da ih doje, a oni su hranili Zeusa mlijekom koze Amalteje.^[10] Adrasteja je Zeusu dala čudesnu igračku lopticu za igru, koju je kasnije koristila Afrodita da podmiti svog sina Erosa.^[11] U Euripidskom Rezusu, za Adrasteju se kaže da je Zeusova kćerka.^[12]

Reference

^ Fries, pp. 246–247; Graf, "Adrastea"; Farnell, pp. 499–500; Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia; Parada, s.v. Adrastia 1; Smith, s.vv. Adrasteia 1 (Cretan nymph), Adrasteia 2 (epithet of Nemesis).
^ Farnell, p. 499; Munn, p. 333.
^ Graf, s.v. Adrastea ("[Adrasteia] is understood as 'pressing necessity', as the demands of fate (Aesch. PV 936), as iron law (Pl. Phdr. 248cd), but above all as inescapable punishment"); Munn, p. 333 ("Adrasteia ... represents the inescapability of justice, however administered. ... Adrasteia, the "Relentless One," was destiny or doom, the fate in store for all, for better or worse.").
^ Graf, "Adrastea"; Hasluck, p. 220; Farnell, p. 499. For Cyzicus see Strabo, 12.8.11, 13.1.13 (which reports "a temple of Adrasteia near Cyzicus"), for Mount Ida, see Aeschylus, Niobe fr. 158 Radt [= Strabo, 12.8.21].
^ Parker, pp. 172, 195, 197; Fries, p. 246.
^ Parker, p. 195; Graf, "Adrastea"; Inscriptiones Graecae I³ 383.142–143; cf. I³ 369.67.
^ Munn, p. 333 n. 63; Hasluck, p. 220; Graf, "Adrastea"; Farnell, p. 499; Paton and Hicks, pp. 51–52, no. 29.9.
^ Munn, p. 333 n. 63; Pausanias, 10.37.8.
^ Graf, "Adrastea"; Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia, p. 13; Smith, s.v. Adrasteia 1; Parada, s.v. Adrastia 1.
^ Hard, p. 75; Gantz, pp. 2, 42, 743; Apollodorus, 1.1.6–7. Compare with Callimachus, Hymn 1 (to Zeus) 44–48; Hyginus, Fabulae 182 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 158); Plutarch, Moralia, Table Talk 3.9.2 (657e); Orphic frr. 105, 151 Kern. Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia, p. 13, suggests that Adrasteia might also have been supposed to have fed Zeus on 'honey as well, to judge from the fact her father's name means "Bee-Man"'.
^ Hard, p. 197; Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.132–136.
^ Fries, p. 247; Euripides, Rhesus 342–343. Fries, on this line, says that "Our poet presumably created an ad hoc genealogy on the analogy of Dike, who fulfils a similar role as divinely authorised watcher over human affairs". Compare with Plutarch, Moralia, On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance 25 (546e), which makes her the daughter of Ananke (Necessity) and Zeus.

[1] Fries, pp. 246–247; Graf, "Adrastea"; Farnell, pp. 499–500; Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia; Parada, s.v. Adrastia 1; Smith, s.vv. Adrasteia 1 (Cretan nymph), Adrasteia 2 (epithet of Nemesis).

[2] Farnell, p. 499; Munn, p. 333.

[3] Graf, s.v. Adrastea ("[Adrasteia] is understood as 'pressing necessity', as the demands of fate (Aesch. PV 936), as iron law (Pl. Phdr. 248cd), but above all as inescapable punishment"); Munn, p. 333 ("Adrasteia ... represents the inescapability of justice, however administered. ... Adrasteia, the "Relentless One," was destiny or doom, the fate in store for all, for better or worse.").

[4] Graf, "Adrastea"; Hasluck, p. 220; Farnell, p. 499. For Cyzicus see Strabo, 12.8.11, 13.1.13 (which reports "a temple of Adrasteia near Cyzicus"), for Mount Ida, see Aeschylus, Niobe fr. 158 Radt [= Strabo, 12.8.21].

[5] Parker, pp. 172, 195, 197; Fries, p. 246.

[6] Parker, p. 195; Graf, "Adrastea"; Inscriptiones Graecae I³ 383.142–143; cf. I³ 369.67.

[7] Munn, p. 333 n. 63; Hasluck, p. 220; Graf, "Adrastea"; Farnell, p. 499; Paton and Hicks, pp. 51–52, no. 29.9.

[8] Munn, p. 333 n. 63; Pausanias, 10.37.8.

[9] Graf, "Adrastea"; Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia, p. 13; Smith, s.v. Adrasteia 1; Parada, s.v. Adrastia 1.

[10] Hard, p. 75; Gantz, pp. 2, 42, 743; Apollodorus, 1.1.6–7. Compare with Callimachus, Hymn 1 (to Zeus) 44–48; Hyginus, Fabulae 182 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 158); Plutarch, Moralia, Table Talk 3.9.2 (657e); Orphic frr. 105, 151 Kern. Tripp, s.v. Adrasteia, p. 13, suggests that Adrasteia might also have been supposed to have fed Zeus on 'honey as well, to judge from the fact her father's name means "Bee-Man"'.

[11] Hard, p. 197; Apollonius of Rhodes, Argonautica 3.132–136.

[12] Fries, p. 247; Euripides, Rhesus 342–343. Fries, on this line, says that "Our poet presumably created an ad hoc genealogy on the analogy of Dike, who fulfils a similar role as divinely authorised watcher over human affairs". Compare with Plutarch, Moralia, On the Delays of the Divine Vengeance 25 (546e), which makes her the daughter of Ananke (Necessity) and Zeus.

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