Jahja Sinvar
| Jahja Sinvar | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Lider Hamasa u Pojasu Gaze | |
| Vrijeme na dužnosti 13. februar 2017.[1] – 16. oktobar 2024. | |
| Prethodnik | Ismail Hanijeh |
| Nasljednik | Muhamed Sinvar |
| Lični podaci | |
| Rođenje | 29. oktobar 1962. Izbjeglički kamp Kan Junis, Pojas Gaze |
| Smrt | 16. oktobar 2024 (61 godina) |
| Nacionalnost | Palestinac |
| Politička stranka | Hamas |
| Supružnik | Samar Muhamed Abu Zamar |
| Djeca | 3 |
Jahja Ibrahim Hasan Sinvar (arapski: يحيى إبراهيم حسن السنوار; 29. oktobra 1962-16. oktobar 2024.) bio je palestinski političar koji je bio predsjedavajući Hamasovog političkog biroa od augusta 2024,[2] i vođa Hamasa u pojasu Gaze od februara 2017. do smrti u oktobru 2024, naslijedivši Ismaila Hanijeha u obje uloge.[3][4]
Rođen je u izbjegličkom kampu Kan Junis u Gazi koju su okupirali Egipćani 1962. u porodici koja je protjerana ili pobjegla iz Majdal Askalana (Aškelon) tokom arapsko-izraelskog rata 1948.[5] Završio je studije na Islamskom univerzitetu u Gazi, gdje je diplomirao arapske studije.[6] Godine 1989. Sinvar je u Izraelu osuđen na četiri doživotne kazne zatvora zbog orkestriranja otmice i ubistva dva izraelska vojnika i četvorice Palestinaca za koje je smatrao da su kolaboracionisti. Proveo je 22 godine u zatvoru do puštanja na slobodu među 1.026 drugih u razmjeni zarobljenika 2011. za izraelskog vojnika Gilada Šalita.[3] Tokom svog boravka u zatvoru, Sinvar je nastavio da koordinira vojne aktivnosti Hamasa.[7][8] Sinvar je bio jedan od suosnivača sigurnosnog aparata Hamasa.[9][10]
Godine 2017, izabran je za vođu Hamasa u Gazi i tvrdio je da će sljedeće godine nastaviti 'mirni, narodni otpor', podržavajući proteste na granici u Gazi 2018-2019,[11] iako se također navodi da je bio posvećen uništenju Izraela[12][13] i kaže se da je vojnu konfrontaciju vidio kao jedini put ka "oslobađanju Palestine", rekavši da će se ovo postići "silom, a ne pregovorima".[14] Također je razvio jake veze sa Iranom.[15][16][17] Nakon što je ponovo izabran za vođu Hamasa 2021, te iste godine preživio je pokušaj atentata od strane Izraela. On se naširoko smatra glavnim umom iza napada Hamasa na Izrael 7. oktobra 2023.[18][19] nakon kojeg je uslijedio rat Izrael-Hamas koji se prelio na druge dijelove Bliskog istoka.[20][21][14]
Hamas i Brigada Izuddin el-Kasam proglašene su terorističkim organizacijama od strane Sjedinjenih Država, Evropske unije i drugih zemalja, a u septembru 2015, Sjedinjene Države su ga posebno proglasili teroristom.[9] U maju 2024, Karim Khan, tužilac Međunarodnog krivičnog suda, najavio je svoju namjeru da podnese zahtjev za izdavanje naloga za hapšenje Sinvara zbog ratnih zločina i zločina protiv čovječnosti, u sklopu istrage MKS-a u Palestini.[22] Sinar je ubijen 16. oktobra 2024. tokom vatrenog obračuna sa izraelskom vojskom.[23]
Reference
[uredi | uredi izvor]- ^ "Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse". Hamas. 25 September 2022. Arhivirano s originala, 27 February 2023. Pristupljeno 27 February 2023.
- ^ "Hamas names Yahya Sinwar as new leader after Ismail Haniyeh's killing". Al Jazeera English (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 6 August 2024. Pristupljeno 6 August 2024.
- ^ a b Beaumont, Peter (13 February 2017). "Hamas elects hardliner Yahya Sinwar as its Gaza Strip chief". The Guardian. Arhivirano s originala, 13 February 2017.
- ^ Balousha, Hazam; Booth, William (13 February 2017). "Hamas names hard-liner as its new political leader in Gaza". The Washington Post. Arhivirano s originala, 15 February 2017.
- ^ "Yahya Sinwar". Britannica (jezik: engleski). 28 January 2024. Arhivirano s originala, 28 January 2024. Pristupljeno 1 February 2024.
- ^ "Who is the Hamas leader in Gaza, Yahya Sinwar?". BBC News (jezik: engleski). 21 November 2023. Arhivirano s originala, 9 January 2024. Pristupljeno 1 February 2024.
- ^ Becker, Jo; Sella, Adam (26 May 2024). "The Hamas Chief and the Israeli Who Saved His Life". The New York Times (jezik: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Arhivirano s originala, 27 May 2024. Pristupljeno 27 May 2024.
- ^ "Repaying a debt with blood: Israeli doctor saved Sinwar, nephew killed on Oct. 7". The Jerusalem Post (jezik: engleski). 21 June 2024. Pristupljeno 17 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Terrorist Designations of Yahya Sinwar, Rawhi Mushtaha, and Muhammed Deif". United States Department of State. 8 September 2015. Arhivirano s originala, 21 January 2017. Pristupljeno 27 May 2019.
- ^
- "The Palestinians try to reconcile". The Economist. 5 October 2017. Arhivirano s originala, 7 May 2018. Pristupljeno 10 October 2017.
- Kottasová, Ivana; Shortell, David (7 December 2023). "Who is Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader Israel has called a 'dead man walking'". CNN. Arhivirano s originala, 7 April 2024. Pristupljeno 28 March 2024.
- Morris, Loveday; Balousha, Hazem (11 December 2023). "Who is Hamas leader Yehiya Sinwar: From enforcer to Oct. 7 mastermind". The Washington Post. Arhivirano s originala, 11 December 2023. Pristupljeno 27 March 2024.
- ^ "The leader of Hamas in Gaza is the most influential man in Palestine". The Economist. 26 May 2018. Arhivirano s originala, 15 October 2023. Pristupljeno 9 July 2018.
- ^ "Hamas leader Sinwar killed by Israeli troops in Gaza, Netanyahu says war will go on". Reuters.
- ^ "Who was Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar? From enforcer to architect of Oct. 7". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b "Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader committed to eradicating Israel". Reuters.
- ^ Said, Summer; Jones, Rory (7 August 2024). "Sinwar Power Grab Cements Hamas-Iran Ties". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Hamas's pick of Yahya Sinwar as leader makes a ceasefire less likely". The Economist. 6 August 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Pristupljeno 10 August 2024.
- ^ Abualouf, Rushdi (8 August 2024). "Behind the scenes as Hamas chose its new leader". BBC News (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 9 August 2024.
- ^ Vasilyeva, Nataliya (20 November 2023). "Mastermind behind Hamas attacks personally handling hostage negotiations". The Telegraph (jezik: engleski). ISSN 0307-1235. Arhivirano s originala, 7 April 2024. Pristupljeno 13 April 2024.
- ^ Estrin, Daniel (3 December 2023). "The shadowy Hamas leader behind the war against Israel". NPR. Arhivirano s originala, 12 April 2024. Pristupljeno 13 April 2024.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Barnes, Julian E.; Rasgon, Adam (12 May 2024). "Yahya Sinwar Helped Start the War in Gaza. Now He's Key to Its Endgame". The New York Times (jezik: engleski). ISSN 0362-4331. Arhivirano s originala, 13 May 2024. Pristupljeno 13 May 2024.
- ^ Peled, Anat; Lieber, Dov; Keller-Lynn, Carrie; Said, Summer (2024-10-18). "After a Yearlong Hunt, Sinwar's Killing Came Down to Chance". The Wall Street Journal.
- ^ Kottasová, Ivana (20 May 2024). "EXCLUSIVE: ICC seeks arrest warrants against Sinwar and Netanyahu for war crimes over October 7 attack and Gaza war". CNN (jezik: engleski). Arhivirano s originala, 20 May 2024. Pristupljeno 20 May 2024.
- ^ Hubbard, Ben (17 October 2024). "Yahya Sinwar, Leader of Hamas in Gaza, Is Dead". The New York Times (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 17 October 2024.
Izvori
[uredi | uredi izvor]Knjige
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Abdelal, Wael (2016). Hamas and the Media: Politics and strategy. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1317267140.
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- Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0313324857.
- Baconi, Tareq (2018). Hamas contained: The rise and pacification of Palestinian resistance. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0804797412.
- Beinart, Peter (2012). The Crisis of Zionism. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0522861761.
- Brenner, Björn (2017). Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1786731425.
- Brenner, Björn (2022). Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0755634392.
- Chehab, Zaki (2007). Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyrs and Spies. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1845113896.
- Cheema, Sujata Ashwarya (2008). "Hamas and Politics in Palestine:Impact on Peace-Building". u Abhyankar, Rajendra Madhukar (ured.). West Asia and the Region: Defining India's Role. New Delhi: Academic Foundation. ISBN 978-8171886166.
- Clarke, Colin P. (2015). Terrorism, Inc.: The Financing of Terrorism, Insurgency, and Irregular Warfare. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1440831041.
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- Davis, Jessica (2017). Women in Modern Terrorism: From Liberation Wars to Global Jihad and the Islamic State. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442274990.
- Davis, Joyce (2004). Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East. Palgrave Macmillan. str. 100. ISBN 978-1403966810.
- Davis, Richard (2016). Hamas, Popular Support and War in the Middle East: Insurgency in the Holy Land. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317402589.
- Dunning, Tristan (2016). Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine. Routledge. ISBN 978-1317384946.
- Filiu, Jean-Pierre (Spring 2012). "The Origins of Hamas: Militant Legacy or Israeli Tool?". Journal of Palestine Studies. 41 (3): 54–70. doi:10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54. JSTOR 10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54.
- Gelvin, James L. (2014). "The Palestinian National Movement Comes of Age". The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War (3rd izd.). New York: Cambridge University Press. str. 226. ISBN 978-1-107-61354-6.
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Članci iz časopisa
[uredi | uredi izvor]- Abu-Amr, Ziad (Summer 1993). "Hamas: A Historical and Political Background". Journal of Palestine Studies. 22 (4): 5–19. doi:10.2307/2538077. JSTOR 2538077.
- Gunning, Jeroen (March 2004). "Peace with Hamas? The Transforming Potential of Political Participation". International Affairs. Royal Institute of International Affairs. 80 (2): 233–55. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00381.x. JSTOR 3569240.
- Herzog, Michael (March–April 2006). "Can Hamas Be Tamed?". Foreign Affairs. 85 (2): 83–94. doi:10.2307/20031913. JSTOR 20031913.
- Hroub, Khaled (Summer 2006b). "A 'New Hamas' through Its New Documents". Journal of Palestine Studies. 35 (4): 6–27. doi:10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6. JSTOR 10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6.
- Litvak, Meir (January 1998). "The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas". Middle Eastern Studies. 34 (1): 148–63. doi:10.1080/00263209808701214. JSTOR 4283922.
- Roy, Sara (Summer 1993). "Gaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration". Journal of Palestine Studies. 22 (4): 20–31. doi:10.2307/2538078. JSTOR 2538078.
Ostalo
[uredi | uredi izvor]- "Hamas West Bank leader given six-month detention without trial". Arab News. Agence France-Presse. April 8, 2019.
- Assi, Seraj (December 16, 2018). "Hamas Owes Its 'Palestine From the River to the Sea' Slogan to Zionism". Haaretz.
- Barzak, Ibrahim (June 11, 2011). "Muhammad Hassan Shama, little-known Hamas founder". The Boston Globe.
- "UN General Assembly rejects US resolution to condemn Hamas". Deutsche Welle. December 7, 2018.
- Dalloul, Motasem A (December 14, 2017). "Interview with Dr Ibrahim Al-Yazouri, a founder of Hamas". Middle East Monitor.
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