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Otapalo (uredi)

Verzija na dan 20 februar 2008 u 22:26

Uklonjena 23 bajta ,  prije 12 godina
m
→‎Podjela otapala
 
==Podjela otapala==
 
{{Izmjena_u_toku}}
Otapala se dijele na ''nepolarna'', ''polarna - protonska'' (disocijacijom daju proton) i ''polarna - aprotonska'' (nemaju proton koji disocira). Otapala čija je dielektrična konstanta niža od 15 se smatraju nepolarnim.
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
! align="center" | [[Tačka ključanja]]
! align="center" | [[Dielektrična konstanta]]
! align="center" | [[Gustoća]]<!-- ### Non-PolarNepolarna Solventsotapala ### -->
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''Non-Polar Solvents'''
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[HexaneHeksan]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 69 °C
| align="center" | 0.655 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[BenzeneBenzen]]
| align="center" | C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
| align="center" | 80 °C
| align="center" | 0.879 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[TolueneToluen]]
| align="center" | C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 111 °C
| align="center" | 0.867 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[DiethylDietil ethereter]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 35 °C
| align="center" | 0.713 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[ChloroformHloroform]]
| align="center" | CHCl<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 61 °C
| align="center" | '''1.498 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#DDDDDD"
| align="center" | [[EthylEtil acetateacetat]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 77 °C
| align="center" | 0.894 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''PolarPolarna Aproticaprotonska Solventsotapala'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[1,4-Dioxanedioksan]]
| align="center" | <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-\</u>
| align="center" | 101 °C
| align="center" | '''1.033 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[TetrahydrofuranTetrahidrofuran]] (THF)
| align="center" | <u>/-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-\</u>
| align="center" | 66 °C
| align="center" | 0.886 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[DichloromethaneDihlorometan]] (DCM)
| align="center" | CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | 40 °C
| align="center" | 9.1
| align="center" | '''1.326 g/ml''' <!-- ### PolarPolarna Aproticaprotonska Solventsotapala ### -->
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[AcetoneAceton]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 56 °C
| align="center" | 0.786 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[AcetonitrileAcetonitril]] (MeCN)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C≡N
| align="center" | 82 °C
| align="center" | 0.786 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[DimethylformamideDimetilformamid]] (DMF)
| align="center" | H-C(=O)N(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| align="center" | 153 °C
| align="center" | 0.944 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCFF"
| align="center" | [[DimethylDimetil sulfoxidesulfoksid]] (DMSO)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-S(=O)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 189 °C
| align="center" | 47
| align="center" | '''1.092 g/ml'''<!-- ### PolarPolarna Proticprotonska Solventsotapala ### -->
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" colspan="5" | '''PolarPolarna Proticprotonska Solventsotapala'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[AceticAcetatna acidkiselina]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-C(=O)OH
| align="center" | 118 °C
| align="center" | 0.810 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[IsopropanolIzopropanol]] (IPA)
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH(-OH)-CH<sub>3</sub>
| align="center" | 82 °C
| align="center" | 0.803 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[EthanolEtanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-OH</sub>
| align="center" | 79 °C
| align="center" | 0.789 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[MethanolMetanol]]
| align="center" | CH<sub>3</sub>-OH
| align="center" | 65 °C
| align="center" | 0.791 g/ml
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[FormicFormijatna acidkiselina]]
| align="center" | H-C(=O)OH
| align="center" | 100 °C
| align="center" | '''1.21 g/ml'''
|- bgcolor="#FFCCCC"
| align="center" | [[Water (molecule)|WaterVoda]]
| align="center" | H-O-H
| align="center" | 100 °C
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Preuzeto iz "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posebno:MobileDiff/585793"

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