Enkelad (mjesec)

Enkelad
	Enceladus snimljen orbiterom Cassini, oktobar 2015.
Discovery
Datum otkrića	28. avgusta 1789
Designations
Designation	Saturn II
Izgovor	/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/
Imenovan po	Ἐγκέλαδος Egkelados
Adjectives	Enceladean /ɛnsəˈleɪdiən/
Orbital characteristics
Semi-major axis	237.948 km
Eccentricity	0,0047
Orbital period (sidereal)	1,370218 d
Satellite of	Saturn
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	252,1±0,2 km (0,0395 Earths, 0,1451 Moons)
Mean density	1,6097±0,0038 g/cm3
Surface gravity	1.134 m/s2 (0,0116 g)
Moment of inertia factor	0,3305±0,0025
Escape velocity	Šablon:V2 km/s (860.4 km/h)
Synodic rotation period	Sinhrona
Axial tilt	0
Albedo	1,375±0,008 (geometrijski na 550 nm) or 0,81±0,04 (Bond)
Apparent magnitude	11.7
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	Trace, significant spatial variability
Composition by volume	91% vode pare; 4% nitrogen; 3.2% ugljen-dioksid; 1.7% metan

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Enkelad (Enceladus) je prirodni Saturnov satelit kojeg je 1789. otkrio astronom William Herschel. Ime je dobio po gigantu Enkeladu iz starogrčke mitologije. Ovaj satelit ima drugo ime Saturn II.

Karakteristike[uredi | uredi izvor]

Enkelad obilazi Saturn svakih 32 h 53 m 7 s, ima prosječni prečnik od 498,9 km i masu od 8,6×10¹⁹ kg. Prosječna gustoća Enkelada iznosi 1,3 g/cm³. Mjerenja obavljena od strane svemirske letjelice Cassini-Huygens ookazala su da je ovaj satelit napravljen većinom od leda, vode i možda male količine kamena i metala.

Početkom 2006. NASA-ina letjelica Cassini snimila je erupcije gejzira na površini, vjerovatno sastavljene i od tekuće vode.

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Discovery
^ "Enceladus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Arhivirano s originala, July 31, 2020.
Šablon:MW
^ Freitas, R. A. (1983). "Terraforming Mars and Venus Using Machine Self-Replicating Systems (SRS)". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 36: 139. Bibcode:1983JBIS...36..139F.
^ Postberg et al. "Plume and surface composition of Enceladus", p. 129–130, 148, 156; Lunine et al. "Future Exploration of Enceladus and Other Saturnian Moons", p. 454; in Schenk et al., eds. (2018) Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Facts
^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Porco Helfenstein et al. 2006
^ ^a ^b Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Roatsch et al. 2009
^ ^a ^b ^c Jacobson, Robert. A. (1 November 2022). "The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (5): 199. Bibcode:2022AJ....164..199J. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9. S2CID 252992162 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć).
^ McKinnon, W. B. (2015). "Effect of Enceladus's rapid synchronous spin on interpretation of Cassini gravity". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (7): 2137–2143. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.2137M. doi:10.1002/2015GL063384.
^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Verbiscer et al. 2007
^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Howett_2010
^ Spencer, John R.; Pearl, J. C.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot". Science. 311 (5766): 1401–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1401S. doi:10.1126/science.1121661. PMID 16527965. S2CID 44788825.
^ Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Observatorio ARVAL
^ Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K.; et al. (2006). "Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer". Science. 311 (5766): 1406–9. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1406D. doi:10.1126/science.1120985. PMID 16527966. S2CID 42050327.
^ Hansen, Candice J.; Esposito, L.; et al. (2006). "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume". Science. 311 (5766): 1422–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1422H. doi:10.1126/science.1121254. PMID 16527971. S2CID 2954801.
^ Waite, Jack Hunter Jr.; Combi, M. R.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure". Science. 311 (5766): 1419–22. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1419W. doi:10.1126/science.1121290. PMID 16527970. S2CID 3032849.

Brown, Robert H. (2006). "Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface". Science. 311 (5766): 1425–1428. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Castillo, Julie C. (2005). "26Al in the Saturnian System - New Interior Models for the Saturnian satellites". Eos Trans. AGU. 82 (52): Fall Meet. Suppl. Abstract P32A-01. Arhivirano s originala, 30. 9. 2007. Pristupljeno 3. 7. 2013. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Castillo, J. C. (2006). "A New Understanding of the Internal Evolution of Saturnian Icy Satellites from Cassini Observations" (PDF). LPSC. XXXVII. Abstract 2200. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Dougherty, M. K. (2006). "Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer". Science. 311 (5766): 1406–1409. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Hansen, Candice J. (2006). "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume". Science. 311 (5766): 1422–1425. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Matson, D.L. (2006). "Enceladus' Interior and Geysers - Possibility for Hydrothermal Geometry and N₂ Production" (PDF). LPSC. XXXVII. Abstract 2219. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Pappalardo, R.T. (2006). "Diapir-Induced Reorientation of Enceladus" (PDF). LPSC. XXXVII. Abstract 2113. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Porco, C.C. (2006). "Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus". Science. 311 (5766): 1393–1401. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Rathbun, Julie A. (2005). "Enceladus' global geology as seen by Cassini ISS". Eos Trans. AGU. 82 (52): Fall Meet. Suppl. Abstract P32A-03. Arhivirano s originala, 4. 4. 2008. Pristupljeno 3. 7. 2013. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Rothery, David A. (1999). Satellites of the Outer Planets: Worlds in their own right. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512555-X.
Spahn, Frank (2006). "Cassini Dust Measurements at Enceladus and Implications for the Origin of the E Ring". Science. 311 (5766): 1416–1418. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Spencer, J. R. (2006). "Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot". Science. 311 (5766): 1401–1405. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Turtle, Elizabeth et al. Enceladus, Curiouser and Curiouser: Observations by Cassini's Imaging Science Subsystem. Cassini CHARM Telecon. 28 April 2005. (Adobe Acrobat file).
Verbiscer, Anne (2005). "The opposition surge of Enceladus: HST observations 338-1022 nm". Icarus. 173: 66–83. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.001. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)
Waite Jr., J. Hunter (2006). "Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure". Science. 311 (5766): 1419–1422. Nepoznati parametar |coauthors= zanemaren (prijedlog zamjene: |author=) (pomoć)

Vanjski linkovi[uredi | uredi izvor]

Logo Commonsa

Enceladus na Wikimedia Commonsu.

Greška kod citiranja: <ref> oznake postoje za grupu pod imenom "lower-alpha", ali nije pronađena pripadajuća <references group="lower-alpha"/> oznaka, ili zatvarajući </ref> nedostaje

[Discovery-2] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Discovery

[3] "Enceladus". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Arhivirano s originala, July 31, 2020.
Šablon:MW

[4] Freitas, R. A. (1983). "Terraforming Mars and Venus Using Machine Self-Replicating Systems (SRS)". Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 36: 139. Bibcode:1983JBIS...36..139F.

[5] Postberg et al. "Plume and surface composition of Enceladus", p. 129–130, 148, 156; Lunine et al. "Future Exploration of Enceladus and Other Saturnian Moons", p. 454; in Schenk et al., eds. (2018) Enceladus and the Icy Moons of Saturn

[Facts-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Facts

[Porco_Helfenstein_et_al._2006-7] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Porco Helfenstein et al. 2006

[Roatsch_et_al._2009-8] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Roatsch et al. 2009

[Jacobson2022-9] Jacobson, Robert. A. (1 November 2022). "The Orbits of the Main Saturnian Satellites, the Saturnian System Gravity Field, and the Orientation of Saturn's Pole". The Astronomical Journal. 164 (5): 199. Bibcode:2022AJ....164..199J. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac90c9. S2CID 252992162 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć).

[McKinnon2015-10] McKinnon, W. B. (2015). "Effect of Enceladus's rapid synchronous spin on interpretation of Cassini gravity". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (7): 2137–2143. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.2137M. doi:10.1002/2015GL063384.

[Verbiscer_et_al._2007-11] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Verbiscer et al. 2007

[Howett_2010-12] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Howett_2010

[Spencer-13] Spencer, John R.; Pearl, J. C.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot". Science. 311 (5766): 1401–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1401S. doi:10.1126/science.1121661. PMID 16527965. S2CID 44788825.

[Observatorio_ARVAL-14] Greška kod citiranja: Nevaljana oznaka <ref>; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenom Observatorio ARVAL

[Dougherty-15] Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K.; et al. (2006). "Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer". Science. 311 (5766): 1406–9. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1406D. doi:10.1126/science.1120985. PMID 16527966. S2CID 42050327.

[Hansen-16] Hansen, Candice J.; Esposito, L.; et al. (2006). "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume". Science. 311 (5766): 1422–5. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1422H. doi:10.1126/science.1121254. PMID 16527971. S2CID 2954801.

[Waite-17] Waite, Jack Hunter Jr.; Combi, M. R.; et al. (2006). "Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure". Science. 311 (5766): 1419–22. Bibcode:2006Sci...311.1419W. doi:10.1126/science.1121290. PMID 16527970. S2CID 3032849.

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