STX2

STX2
Identifikatori
Aliasi	STX2
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 132350 MGI: 108059 HomoloGene: 37559 GeneCards: STX2
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 12 (čovjek)
Kraj	130,839,266 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 5 (miš)
Kraj	129,085,638 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• protein dimerization activity; • SNAP receptor activity; • calcium-dependent protein binding; • GO:0001948, GO:0016582 vezivanje za proteine; • SNARE binding;
Ćelijska komponenta	• integral component of membrane; • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; • membrana; • Sinapsna vezikula; • ćelijska membrana; • basolateral plasma membrane; • SNARE complex; • lamellipodium; • Vanćelijsko; • Endomembranski sistem; • presynaptic membrane; • presynaptic active zone membrane;
Biološki proces	• Ćelijska diferencijacija; • ectoderm development; • synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane; • response to hydroperoxide; • acrosome reaction; • vesicle docking; • cornified envelope assembly; • protein complex oligomerization; • animal organ morphogenesis; • intracellular protein transport; • vesicle-mediated transport; • GO:0072468 Transdukcija signala; • Egzocitoza; • Fuzija vezikula;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	2054
	13852
	ENSG00000111450
	ENSMUSG00000029428
	P32856
	Q00262
NM_001980; NM_194356; NM_001351049; NM_001351050; NM_001351051;
	NM_001351052
	NM_001286033; NM_001286034; NM_007941; NM_001359022
NP_001971; NP_919337; NP_001337978; NP_001337979; NP_001337980;
	NP_001337981
	n/a
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Sintaksin-2, znan i kao epimorfin, jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom STX2 sa hromosoma 12.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 288 aminokiselina, a molekulska težina 33.341 Da.^[7]

C: Cistein

D: Asparaginska kiselina

E: Glutaminska kiselina

F: Fenilalanin

G: Glicin

H: Histidin

I: Izoleucin

K: Lizin

L: Leucin

M: Metionin

N: Asparagin

P: Prolin

Q: Glutamin

R: Arginin

S: Serin

T: Treonin

V: Valin

W: Triptofan

Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MRDRLPDLTA	CRKNDDGDTV	VVVEKDHFMD	DFFHQVEEIR	NSIDKITQYV
EEVKKNHSII	LSAPNPEGKI	KEELEDLNKE	IKKTANKIRA	KLKAIEQSFD
QDESGNRTSV	DLRIRRTQHS	VLSRKFVEAM	AEYNEAQTLF	RERSKGRIQR
QLEITGRTTT	DDELEEMLES	GKPSIFTSDI	ISDSQITRQA	LNEIESRHKD
IMKLETSIRE	LHEMFMDMAM	FVETQGEMIN	NIERNVMNAT	DYVEHAKEET
KKAIKYQSKA	RRKKWIIIAV	SVVLVAIIAL	IIGLSVGK

Funkcija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Proizvod ovog gena pripada porodici proteina sintaksin/epimorfin. Sintaksini su velika porodica proteina koja je uključena u ciljanje i fuziju međućelijskih transportnih vezikula. Proizvod ovog gena reguliše epitelno-mezenhimske interakcije i morfogenezu i aktivaciju epitelnih ćelija. Identificirane su alternativno prerađene varijante transkripta koje kodiraju različite izoforme.^[7] Kada je N-kraj na citosolnoj strani, djeluje kao t-SNARE uključen u spajanje unutarćelijskih vezikula i naziva se sintaksin-2. Kada se okrene iznutra prema van, tj. N kraj visi na vanćelijskoj površini (nekim neklasičnim putem sekrecije) i djeluje kao svestrani morfogen i naziva se epimorfin. Ovaj membranski protein uživa dvostruki izbor drugog oblika topoloških alternativa: ciljanje na apikalnu ili bazolateralnu površinu epitelne ćelije na reguliran način ovisno o različitim kontekstima. Kada se eksprimira mezenhimskim ćelijama, može instruirati epitelnu morfogenezu na epitelnim mezenhimskim sučeljima.

Interakcije[uredi | uredi izvor]

Pokazalo se da STX2 ima interakcije sa:

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111450 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029428 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Zha H, Remmers EF, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Zhang H, Kozak CA, Wilder RL (Nov 1996). "The epimorphin gene is highly conserved among humans, mice, and rats and maps to human chromosome 7, mouse chromosome 5, and rat chromosome 12". Genomics. 37 (3): 386–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0574. PMID 8938452.
^ Band AM, Kuismanen E (Jun 2005). "Localization of plasma membrane t-SNAREs syntaxin 2 and 3 in intracellular compartments". BMC Cell Biology. 6 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/1471-2121-6-26. PMC 1156879. PMID 15943887.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Entrez Gene: STX2 syntaxin 2".
^ ^a ^b Hata Y, Südhof TC (Jun 1995). "A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (22): 13022–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022. PMID 7768895.
^ ^a ^b Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA (Jun 1996). "Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (23): 13300–3. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300. PMID 8663154.
^ Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H (Aug 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Archives of Oral Biology. 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X. PMID 12828989.
^ Li G, Alexander EA, Schwartz JH (May 2003). "Syntaxin isoform specificity in the regulation of renal H+-ATPase exocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (22): 19791–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212250200. PMID 12651853.
^ Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M (May 1997). "Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560. PMID 9168999.
^ ^a ^b Schraw TD, Lemons PP, Dean WL, Whiteheart SW (Aug 2003). "A role for Sec1/Munc18 proteins in platelet exocytosis". The Biochemical Journal. 374 (Pt 1): 207–17. doi:10.1042/BJ20030610. PMC 1223584. PMID 12773094.

Dopunska literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

Hirai Y, Takebe K, Takashina M, Kobayashi S, Takeichi M (May 1992). "Epimorphin: a mesenchymal protein essential for epithelial morphogenesis". Cell. 69 (3): 471–81. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90448-L. PMID 1581962. S2CID 32814241.
Hata Y, Südhof TC (Jun 1995). "A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (22): 13022–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022. PMID 7768895.
Li C, Ullrich B, Zhang JZ, Anderson RG, Brose N, Südhof TC (Jun 1995). "Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent activities of neural and non-neural synaptotagmins". Nature. 375 (6532): 594–9. doi:10.1038/375594a0. PMID 7791877. S2CID 4265549.
Hirai Y (Mar 1993). "Molecular cloning of human epimorphin: identification of isoforms and their unique properties". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 191 (3): 1332–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.1363. PMID 8466509.
Oka Y, Hirai Y (Jan 1996). "Inductive influences of epimorphin on endothelial cells in vitro". Experimental Cell Research. 222 (1): 189–98. doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0024. PMID 8549663.
Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA (Apr 1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Analytical Biochemistry. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.
Betz A, Okamoto M, Benseler F, Brose N (Jan 1997). "Direct interaction of the rat unc-13 homologue Munc13-1 with the N terminus of syntaxin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (4): 2520–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.4.2520. PMID 8999968.
Tellam JT, Macaulay SL, McIntosh S, Hewish DR, Ward CW, James DE (Mar 1997). "Characterization of Munc-18c and syntaxin-4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Putative role in insulin-dependent movement of GLUT-4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (10): 6179–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.10.6179. PMID 9045631.
Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA (Apr 1997). "Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing". Genome Research. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
Koshida S, Hirai Y (May 1997). "Identification of cellular recognition sequence of epimorphin and critical role of cell/epimorphin interaction in lung branching morphogenesis". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (2): 522–5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6673. PMID 9177305.
Hirai Y, Lochter A, Galosy S, Koshida S, Niwa S, Bissell MJ (Jan 1998). "Epimorphin functions as a key morphoregulator for mammary epithelial cells". The Journal of Cell Biology. 140 (1): 159–69. doi:10.1083/jcb.140.1.159. PMC 2132590. PMID 9425164.
Thomas DM, Ferguson GD, Herschman HR, Elferink LA (Jul 1999). "Functional and biochemical analysis of the C2 domains of synaptotagmin IV". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 10 (7): 2285–95. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.7.2285. PMC 25443. PMID 10397765.
Pabst S, Hazzard JW, Antonin W, Südhof TC, Jahn R, Rizo J, Fasshauer D (Jun 2000). "Selective interaction of complexin with the neuronal SNARE complex. Determination of the binding regions". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (26): 19808–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002571200. PMID 10777504.
Kauppi M, Wohlfahrt G, Olkkonen VM (Nov 2002). "Analysis of the Munc18b-syntaxin binding interface. Use of a mutant Munc18b to dissect the functions of syntaxins 2 and 3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (46): 43973–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208315200. PMID 12198139.
Terasaki Y, Fukuda Y, Suga M, Ikeguchi N, Takeya M (2006). "Epimorphin expression in interstitial pneumonia". Respiratory Research. 6 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-6. PMC 548284. PMID 15651999.
Low SH, Vasanji A, Nanduri J, He M, Sharma N, Koo M, Drazba J, Weimbs T (Feb 2006). "Syntaxins 3 and 4 are concentrated in separate clusters on the plasma membrane before the establishment of cell polarity". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 17 (2): 977–89. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-05-0462. PMC 1356605. PMID 16339081.

Vanjski linkovi[uredi | uredi izvor]

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111450 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029428 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid8938452-5] Zha H, Remmers EF, Szpirer C, Szpirer J, Zhang H, Kozak CA, Wilder RL (Nov 1996). "The epimorphin gene is highly conserved among humans, mice, and rats and maps to human chromosome 7, mouse chromosome 5, and rat chromosome 12". Genomics. 37 (3): 386–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0574. PMID 8938452.

[pmid15943887-6] Band AM, Kuismanen E (Jun 2005). "Localization of plasma membrane t-SNAREs syntaxin 2 and 3 in intracellular compartments". BMC Cell Biology. 6 (1): 26. doi:10.1186/1471-2121-6-26. PMC 1156879. PMID 15943887.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: STX2 syntaxin 2".

[pmid7768895-8] Hata Y, Südhof TC (Jun 1995). "A novel ubiquitous form of Munc-18 interacts with multiple syntaxins. Use of the yeast two-hybrid system to study interactions between proteins involved in membrane traffic". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (22): 13022–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.22.13022. PMID 7768895.

[pmid8663154-9] Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA (Jun 1996). "Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (23): 13300–3. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300. PMID 8663154.

[pmid12828989-10] Imai A, Nashida T, Yoshie S, Shimomura H (Aug 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Archives of Oral Biology. 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X. PMID 12828989.

[pmid12651853-11] Li G, Alexander EA, Schwartz JH (May 2003). "Syntaxin isoform specificity in the regulation of renal H+-ATPase exocytosis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (22): 19791–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212250200. PMID 12651853.

[pmid9168999-12] Araki S, Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M (May 1997). "Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560. PMID 9168999.

[pmid12773094-13] Schraw TD, Lemons PP, Dean WL, Whiteheart SW (Aug 2003). "A role for Sec1/Munc18 proteins in platelet exocytosis". The Biochemical Journal. 374 (Pt 1): 207–17. doi:10.1042/BJ20030610. PMC 1223584. PMID 12773094.

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