Varisulca

Varisulca
(Bazna grupa taksona Podiata)
Varisulca; (Bazna grupa taksona Podiata)
	Ancyromonas sp.
Sistematika
	Hilomonadea; Diphyllatea; Glissodiscea;

Varisulca je predložena bazna grupa taksona Podiata.^[1] Obuhvata nekoliko rodova heterotrofnih protista, od kojih su najpoznatiji anciromonade (planomonade), koloditionidi (difileidi), rigifilidi (Rigifila, Micronuclearia) i Mantamonas).

Nedavni dokazi sugeriraju da su posljednja tri međusobno usko povezana, tvoreći kladus zvani CRuM, ali da je malo vjerovatno da će biti posebno vezani za anciromonade.^[2] Cavalier-Smith Smith predložio je novo potkoljeno Varisulca koje se sastoji od razreda:

Hilomonadea,
Diphyllatea i
Glissodiscea.^[3] Društvo protistologa još nije utvrdilo valjanost ove predložene taksonomije. Malo je vjerovatno da će biti široko prihvaćeno, budući da se čini da je Varisulca parafiletska ili polifiletska grupa (za anciromonade se ne pretpostavlja da su sestrinska grupa sa CRuM-ove). Glissodiscea i Multirhiza (takson koji obuhvata Diphyllatea i Glissodiscea) također se smatraju parafiletsl+kim ili polifiletskim, budući da Mantamona pripada CRuM-ovima, ali anciromonadi ne.

Čini se da je Varisulca parafiletsko stablo Podiata. Tako se i ona možda pojavila kao druga bazna grupa Podiata, poput Malawimonas, Metamonada i / ili Amoebozoa i Amorphea.^[4]^[5]

Neke grupe Apusozoa sada se smatraju predstavnicima Varisulca. Apusomonadida (npr. Thecamonas) sada nisu direktno povezane sa Varisulca, ali se smatraju sestrinskom sa Opisthokonta . Sulcozoa (izvorno samo Varisulca i Apusozoa) sada obuhvata Unikonta / Amorphea i postaje ekvivalent (bazna grupa) Podiata i Sarcomastigota.^[6]

Eukaryotes

Scotokaryotes/

Metamonada

Malawimonas

Varisulca

	Apusomonadida

	Opisthokonta

Unikonta

/Sarcomastigota

Opimoda/Neozoa

Corticata/Diphoda/Diaphoretickes/Bikonta

Prema nekim nalazima, Mantamonadida je sestrinska sa Apusomonadida u Apusozoa.^[7]^[8]

Odnosno

Podiata

Varisulca

	Holomycota → (Fungi)

	Holozoa → (Animalia)

Taksonomija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Potkoljeno Varisulca Cavalier-Smith 2012

Nadrazred Hilomonadia Cavalier-Smith 2012
- Razred Hilomonadea Cavalier-Smith 2008 em. 2012
  - Red Rigifilida Cavalier-Smith & Yabuki 2012
    - Porodica Rigifilidae Cavalier-Smith & Yabuki 2012
      - Rod Rigifila Cavalier-Smith & Yabuki 2012
    - Porodica Micronucleariidae Cavalier-Smith 2008
      - Rod Micronuclearia Mikrjukov & Mylnikov 2001
SuperRazred Multirhiza Cavalier-Smith 2012
- Razred Diphyllatea Cavalier-Smith 2003 [Anisomonadea]
  - Red Diphylleida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Collodictyonida]
    - Porodica Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
      - Rod Sulcomonas Brugerolle 2006
    - Porodica Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith, 1993 [Collodictyonidae Brugerolle et al. 2002]
      - Rod Diphylleia Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803
      - Rod Collodictyon Carter 1865
- Razred Glissodiscea Cavalier-Smith 2012
  - Red Discocelida Cavalier-Smith 1997
    - Porodica Discoceliidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
      - Rod Discocelia Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Discocelis Vørs 1988 non Ehrenberg 1836]
  - Red Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011
    - Porodica Mantamonadidae Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011
      - Rod Mantamonas Cavalier-Smith Glücksman et al. 2011
  - Red Planomonadida Cavalier-Smith 2008^[9] (Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000)
    - Porodica Ancyromonadidae Cavalier-Smith 1993
      - Rod Ancyromonas Kent 1880
    - Porodica Planomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2008
      - Rod Fabomonas Glücksman & Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Rod Planomonas Cavalier-Smith 2008 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Porodica Nutomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
      - Rod Nutomonas Cavalier-Smith 2013

Također pogledajte[uredi | uredi izvor]

Podiata

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Snell, Elizabeth A.; Berney, Cédric; Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria; Lewis, Rhodri (1. 12. 2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.
^ Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (19. 1. 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.
^ Cavalier-Smith T (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and Razredification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". Eur J Protistol. 49 (2): 115–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5. 2. 2017). "Origin of animal multicellularity: precursors, causes, consequences—the choanoflagellate/sponge transition, neurogenesis and the Cambrian explosion". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (jezik: engleski). 372 (1713): 20150476. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0476. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5182410. PMID 27994119.
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new Razred (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023. PMID 27001604.
^ Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (29. 4. 2015). "A Higher Level Razredification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.
^ Glücksman E, Snell EA, Berney C, Chao EE, Bass D, Cavalier-Smith T (septembar 2010). "The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Rod Mantamonas (Mantamonadida ord. n.: Apusozoa)". Protist. 162 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.004. PMID 20884290.
^ Orr, Russell J. S.; Zhao, Sen; Klaveness, Dag; Yabuki, Akinori; Ikeda, Keiji; Makoto, Watanabe M.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (8. 10. 2017). "Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: Culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher Red taxonomic diversity and global distribution". Biorxiv=199125.
^ Glücksman, Snell & Cavalier-Smith (2013). "Phylogeny and evolution of Planomonadida (Sulcozoa): Eight new species and new genera Fabomonas and Nutomonas". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 179–200. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.007. PMID 23369787.

Vanjski linkovi[uredi | uredi izvor]

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Commons ima datoteke na temu: Varisulca

[1] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Snell, Elizabeth A.; Berney, Cédric; Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria; Lewis, Rhodri (1. 12. 2014). "Multigene eukaryote phylogeny reveals the likely protozoan ancestors of opisthokonts (animals, fungi, choanozoans) and Amoebozoa". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 81: 71–85. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.012. PMID 25152275.

[2] Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (19. 1. 2018). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution (jezik: engleski). 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN 1759-6653. PMC 5793813. PMID 29360967.

[Cavalier-Smith2013-3] Cavalier-Smith T (2013). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and Razredification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". Eur J Protistol. 49 (2): 115–78. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.

[4] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (5. 2. 2017). "Origin of animal multicellularity: precursors, causes, consequences—the choanoflagellate/sponge transition, neurogenesis and the Cambrian explosion". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (jezik: engleski). 372 (1713): 20150476. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0476. ISSN 0962-8436. PMC 5182410. PMID 27994119.

[5] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Chao, Ema E.; Lewis, Rhodri (2016). "187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new Razred (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 99: 275–296. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.023. PMID 27001604.

[6] Ruggiero, Michael A.; Gordon, Dennis P.; Orrell, Thomas M.; Bailly, Nicolas; Bourgoin, Thierry; Brusca, Richard C.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Guiry, Michael D.; Kirk, Paul M. (29. 4. 2015). "A Higher Level Razredification of All Living Organisms". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0119248. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1019248R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119248. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4418965. PMID 25923521.

[pmid20884290-7] Glücksman E, Snell EA, Berney C, Chao EE, Bass D, Cavalier-Smith T (septembar 2010). "The Novel Marine Gliding Zooflagellate Rod Mantamonas (Mantamonadida ord. n.: Apusozoa)". Protist. 162 (2): 207–221. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2010.06.004. PMID 20884290.

[8] Orr, Russell J. S.; Zhao, Sen; Klaveness, Dag; Yabuki, Akinori; Ikeda, Keiji; Makoto, Watanabe M.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran (8. 10. 2017). "Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: Culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher Red taxonomic diversity and global distribution". Biorxiv=199125.

[Glücksman,_Snell_&_Cavalier-Smith_2013-9] Glücksman, Snell & Cavalier-Smith (2013). "Phylogeny and evolution of Planomonadida (Sulcozoa): Eight new species and new genera Fabomonas and Nutomonas". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 179–200. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.08.007. PMID 23369787.

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