Izvorni kôd stranice Urođena mana

'''Urođeni defekt''', poznat i kao '''kongenitalni poremećaj''', je stanje prisutno pri [[Porođaj|rođenju]] bez obzira na uzrok. <ref name="NIH2017Def" /> Urođene mane mogu dovesti do [[Invalidnost|invaliditeta]] koji mogu biti fizički, [[Mentalna retardacija|intelektualni]] ili [[Smetnje u razvoju|razvojni]] . <ref name="NIH2017Def">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|title=Birth Defects: Condition Information|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> Smetnje mogu biti od blage do teške. <ref name="CDC2017Fact">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/facts.html|title=Facts Birth Defects|date=7 September 2017|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> Urođene mane dijele se na dvije glavne vrste: strukturne poremećaje u kojima se vide problemi s oblikom dijela tijela i [[Funkcionalni poremećaj|funkcionalne poremećaje]] u kojima postoje problemi s funkcioniranjem dijela tijela.<ref name="NIH2017What" /> Funkcionalni poremećaji uključuju [[Metabolički poremećaj|metaboličke]] i [[Degenerativna bolest|degenerativne poremećaje]].<ref name="NIH2017What" /> Neki urođeni defekti uključuju i strukturne i funkcionalne poremećaje.<ref name="NIH2017What">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/pages/types.aspx|title=What are the types of birth defects?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

Urođene mane mogu biti rezultat [[Genetički poremećaj|genetskih]] ili [[Hromosomska mutacija|hromozomskih poremećaja]], izloženosti određenim lijekovima ili hemikalijama ili određenim [[Vertikalno prenosiva infekcija|infekcijama tokom trudnoće]]. <ref name="NIH2017Ca">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|title=What causes birth defects?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> Faktori rizika uključuju [[Nedostatak folata|nedostatak folne kiseline]], [[Alkoholno piće|konzumiranje alkohola]] ili [[pušenje]] tokom trudnoće, loše kontrolisan [[Gestacijski dijabetes|dijabetes]] i majku stariju od 35 godina.<ref name="NIH2017Risk">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx|title=How many people are affected by/at risk for birth defects?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> <ref name="CDC2017Fact">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/facts.html|title=Facts Birth Defects|date=7 September 2017|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=8 December 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/facts.html "Facts Birth Defects"]. </cite></ref> Za mnoge se vjeruje da uključuju više faktora. <ref name="CDC2017Fact" /> Urođene mane mogu biti vidljive pri rođenju ili dijagnosticirane [[Skrining novorođenčeta|skrining testovima]].<ref name="NIH2017Diag" /> Brojni defekti mogu se otkriti prije rođenja različitim [[Prenatalno testiranje|prenatalnim testovima]].<ref name="NIH2017Diag">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx|title=How do health care providers diagnose birth defects?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref>

Tretman se razlikuje u zavisnosti od defekta u pitanju. <ref name="NIH2017Tx" /> To može uključivati [[Terapija|terapiju]], lijekove, operaciju ili [[Pomoćna tehnologija|pomoćnu tehnologiju]].<ref name="NIH2017Tx">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/birthdefects/conditioninfo/pages/treatment.aspx|title=What are the treatments for birth defects?|website=www.nichd.nih.gov|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref> Urođene mane su uticale na oko 96 miliona ljudi od 2015.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first=Collaborators.|date=8 October 2016|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577|pmid=27733282}}</ref> U Sjedinjenim Državama se javljaju kod oko 3% novorođenčadi. <ref name="CDC2015Epi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/data.html|title=Birth Defects|date=Dec 15, 2015|access-date=17 Jan 2016}}</ref> Oni su rezultirali sa oko 628.000 smrtnih slučajeva u 2015. godini, što je pad sa 751.000 u 1990. <ref name="GBD2015De" /> <ref name="GBD204">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators|date=17 December 2014|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|pmc=4340604|pmid=25530442}}</ref> Tipovi sa najvećim brojem smrtnih slučajeva su [[Prirođena srčana mana|urođene srčane bolesti]] (303.000), a zatim [[defekti neuralne cijevi]] (65.000). <ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|date=8 October 2016|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903|pmid=27733281}}</ref>
[[Datoteka:Congenital_anomalies_world_map-Deaths_per_million_persons-WHO2012.svg|mini|Smrtnih slučajeva od kongenitalnih anomalija na milion osoba u 2012{{Refbegin|3}}{{Legenda|#ffff20|0–26}}{{Legenda|#ffe820|27–34}}{{Legenda|#ffd820|35–46}}{{Legenda|#ffc020|47–72}}{{Legenda|#ffa020|73–91}}{{Legenda|#ff9a20|92–111}}{{Legenda|#f08015|112–134}}{{Legenda|#e06815|135–155}}{{Legenda|#d85010|156–176}}{{Legenda|#d02010|177–396}}{{Refend}}]]

== Reference ==
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[[Kategorija:Urođene mane]]