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Verzija na dan 6 oktobar 2014 u 14:39

Korejski (한국어/조선말, je službeni jezik Južnoj Koreji i Sjevernoj Koreji kao i jedan od dva službena jezika u kineskoj Yanbian korejskoj autonomnoj prefekturi. Postoji otprilike 80 miliona ljudi širom svijeta koji govore korejski. Duže od jednog milenija, korejski je pisan sa prilagođenim kineskim znakovima zvanim hanja, dopunnjenim pomoću fonetskih sistema kao što su hyangchal, gugyeol, i idu. U 15-tom vijeku, nacionalni sistem pisanja zvan Hangeul je opunomoćen od strane Sejonga, ali je proširen tek u 20-tom vijeku, zato što je yangban aristokratija davala prednost za hanja.

Pojedini historijski lingvisti klasifikuju korejski kao izolovani jezik,^[1] while others consider it to be in the controversial Altaic language family.^[2] The Korean language is agglutinative in its morphology and SOV in its syntax.

Imena

Korejska imena jezika su bazirana na imenima za Koreju koja se koriste u Sjevernoj i Južnoj Koreji.

U Južnoj Koreji, jezik se najčešće zove Hangungmal (NB pisan kao Hangugmal, izgovara se kao Hangungmal) (한국말), sastojeći se od Hanguk (한국, /hɐːnguk̚/), južnokorejskog imena za Koreju, i mal (말, /mal/), što znači "govor"; slovo /k̚/ na kraju prve riječi postaje /ŋ/ po pravilima asimilacije suglasnika u korejskoj fonologiji. Više formalno, on se može zvati i Hangugeo (한국어) ili Gugeo (국어); doslovno "nacionalni jezik").

U Sjeverna Koreja i Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture u Kini, jezik is most often called Chosŏnmal (조선말), or more formally, Chosŏnŏ (조선어).

U drugu ruku, Korejanci bivšem SSSR, who refer to themselves as Koryo-saram (고려사람; also Goryeoin [고려인; 高麗人; doslovno, "Goryeo person(s)"]) call the language Goryeomal (고려말).

U kontinentalna Kina, slijedeći uspostavljanje diplomatskih odnosa sa Južnom Korejom 1992., izraz Cháoxiǎnyǔ (朝鲜语 ili u kratkom obliku: Cháoyǔ (朝语)) has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and Yanbian, while Hánguóyǔ (韩国语 or the short form: Hányǔ (韩语)) is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea.

Reference

^ Song, Jae Jung (2005) "The Korean language: structure, use and context" Routledge, p. 15
Lyle Campbell & Mauricio Mixco. 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics. University of Utah Press. ("Korean, A language isolate", p. 90; "Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported", pp. 90–91; "...most specialists...no longer believe that the...Altaic groups...are related", p. 7)
David Dalby. 1999/2000. The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities. Linguasphere Press.
Nam-Kil Kim. 1992. "Korean", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Volume 2, pp. 282–86. ("...scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success", p. 282)
András Róna-Tas. 1998. "The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question", The Turkic Languages. Routledge. pp. 67–80. ("[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned", p. 77.)
Claus Schönig. 2003. "Turko-Mongolic Relations", The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. pp. 403–19. ("...the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship", p. 403)
^ Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology? In; Sanchez-Mazas, Blench, Ross, Lin & Pejros eds. Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence. 2008. Taylor & Francis

[google15-1] Song, Jae Jung (2005) "The Korean language: structure, use and context" Routledge, p. 15
Lyle Campbell & Mauricio Mixco. 2007. A Glossary of Historical Linguistics. University of Utah Press. ("Korean, A language isolate", p. 90; "Korean is often said to belong with the Altaic hypothesis, often also with Japanese, though this is not widely supported", pp. 90–91; "...most specialists...no longer believe that the...Altaic groups...are related", p. 7)
David Dalby. 1999/2000. The Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities. Linguasphere Press.
Nam-Kil Kim. 1992. "Korean", International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Volume 2, pp. 282–86. ("...scholars have tried to establish genetic relationships between Korean and other languages and major language families, but with little success", p. 282)
András Róna-Tas. 1998. "The Reconstruction of Proto-Turkic and the Genetic Question", The Turkic Languages. Routledge. pp. 67–80. ("[Ramstedt's comparisons of Korean and Altaic] have been heavily criticised in more recent studies, though the idea of a genetic relationship has not been totally abandoned", p. 77.)
Claus Schönig. 2003. "Turko-Mongolic Relations", The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. pp. 403–19. ("...the 'Altaic' languages do not seem to share a common basic vocabulary of the type normally present in cases of genetic relationship", p. 403)

[2] Stratification in the peopling of China: how far does the linguistic evidence match genetics and archaeology? In; Sanchez-Mazas, Blench, Ross, Lin & Pejros eds. Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence. 2008. Taylor & Francis

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@@ Red 7: / Red 7: @@
 Korejska imena jezika su bazirana na [[Imena Koreje|imenima za Koreju]] koja se koriste u Sjevernoj i Južnoj Koreji.
-In South Korea, the language is most often called ''Hangungmal (NB written as Hangugmal, pronounced Hangungmal)'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|한국말}}}}), consisting of ''Hanguk'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|한국}}}}, {{ipa|/hɐːnguk̚/}}), the South Korean name for Korea, and ''mal'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|말}}}}, {{ipa|/mal/}}), meaning "speech"; the {{ipa|/k̚/}} at the end of the first word becomes {{ipa|/ŋ/}} by the rules of [[Korean phonology#Consonant assimilation|consonant assimilation in Korean phonology]]. More formally, it may also be called ''Hangugeo'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:한국어|한국어]]}}) or ''Gugeo'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:국어|국어]]}}); literally "national language").
+U Južnoj Koreji, jezik se najčešće zove ''Hangungmal (NB pisan kao Hangugmal, izgovara se kao Hangungmal)'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|한국말}}}}), sastojeći se od ''Hanguk'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|한국}}}}, {{ipa|/hɐːnguk̚/}}), južnokorejskog imena za Koreju, i ''mal'' ({{jezik|ko|{{linktext|말}}}}, {{ipa|/mal/}}), što znači "govor"; slovo {{ipa|/k̚/}} na kraju prve riječi postaje {{ipa|/ŋ/}} po pravilima [[Korejska fonologija#Suglasnička asimilacija|asimilacije suglasnika u korejskoj fonologiji]]. Više formalno, on se može zvati i ''Hangugeo'' ({{jezik|ko|[[:en:wikt:한국어|한국어]]}}) ili ''Gugeo'' ({{jezik|ko|[[:en:wikt:국어|국어]]}}); doslovno "nacionalni jezik").
-In [[North Korea]] and [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]] in [[China]], the language is most often called ''Chosŏnmal'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:조선말|조선말]]}}), or more formally, ''Chosŏnŏ'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:조선어|조선어]]}}).
+U [[Sjeverna Koreja]] i [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture]] u [[Kina|Kini]], jezik is most often called ''Chosŏnmal'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:조선말|조선말]]}}), or more formally, ''Chosŏnŏ'' ({{jezik|ko|[[wikt:조선어|조선어]]}}).
 U drugu ruku, Korejanci [[Post-Sovjetske države|bivšem SSSR]], who refer to themselves as [[Koryo-saram]] (고려사람; also ''Goryeoin'' [{{jezik|ko|고려인}}; {{jezik|ko|高麗人}}; doslovno, "[[Imena Koreje#Goryeo|Goryeo]] person(s)"]) call the language ''[[Koryo-mar|Goryeomal]]'' ({{jezik|ko|고려말}}).
-In [[mainland China]], following the establishment of diplomatic relations with South Korea in 1992, the term ''Cháoxiǎnyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|朝鲜语}} or the short form: ''Cháoyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|朝语}})) has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture|Yanbian]], while ''Hánguóyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|韩国语}} or the short form: ''Hányǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|韩语}})) is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea.
+U [[kontinentalna Kina]], slijedeći uspostavljanje diplomatskih odnosa sa Južnom Korejom 1992., izraz ''Cháoxiǎnyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|朝鲜语}} ili u kratkom obliku: ''Cháoyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|朝语}})) has normally been used to refer to the standard language of North Korea and [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture|Yanbian]], while ''Hánguóyǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|韩国语}} or the short form: ''Hányǔ'' ({{jezik|zh|韩语}})) is used to refer to the standard language of South Korea.
 == Reference ==
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