Razlika između verzija stranice "Vlaška"
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: ''Ovaj članak se odnosi na oblast u današnjoj južnoj [[Rumunija|Rumuniji]]. Postoje druge oblasti koje se zovu Vlaška poput [[Moravska Vlaška|Moravske Vlaške]] i [[Velika Vlaška|Velike Vlaške]] |
: ''Ovaj članak se odnosi na oblast u današnjoj južnoj [[Rumunija|Rumuniji]]. Postoje druge oblasti koje se zovu Vlaška poput [[Moravska Vlaška|Moravske Vlaške]] i [[Velika Vlaška|Velike Vlaške]] ([[Tesalija|Tesalska]] Vlaška).'' |
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[[Image:Walachia.png|frame|right|Karta [[Ruminija|Rumunije]] s Vlaškom predstavljenom žutom bojom.]] |
[[Image:Walachia.png|frame|right|Karta [[Ruminija|Rumunije]] s Vlaškom predstavljenom žutom bojom.]] |
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'''Vlaška''' (takođe poznata kao '''''Vlahia''''' ili '''''Valahia'''''; na [[Rumunski jezik|rumunskom]], ''Ţara Românească'', doslovno "''Rumunska zemlja''"; na [[Turski jezik|turskom]], ''Eflak''; na [[Engleski jezik|engleskom]], '''Wallachia''' ili '''Walachia''') je bivša rumunska [[kneževina]], koja je postojala od kasnog [[Srednji vijek|Srednjeg]] do sredine [[19. vijek]]a. Ime joj je dato prema [[Vlasi]]ma, drugom imenu za [[Rumuni|Rumune]]. |
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== Geografija == |
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'''Wallachia''' (also spelt '''Walachia'''; [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Ţara Românească'' - literally "''Romanian country''"; also '' Vlahia'' or ''Valahia''; [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Eflak'') formed a [[Romania]]n [[principality]] in eastern [[Europe]] from the late [[Middle Age]]s until the mid-[[19th century]]. Its name is derived from the [[Vlachs]], another name for [[Romanians]]. (see also: [[Etymology of Vlach]]) |
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Vlaška se prostire sjeverno od [[Dunav]]a i južno od [[Karpatske planine|Karpatskih planina]]. Rijeka [[Olt]] dijeli Vlašku na dvije oblasti: istočdi dio, [[Mutenija]], i zapadni dio [[Oltenija]]. Na jugu, Vlaška je graničila s [[Bugarska|Bugarskom]] i [[Osmanlijskim carstvom]], a na sjeverozapadu s [[Transilvanija|Transilvanijom]], te [[Moldavija|Moldavijom]], na sjeveristoku. |
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[[Glavni grad]] je mijenjan tokom vremena, od [[Curtea de Argeş]] (Curteja na Argešu), do [[Târgovişte|Trgovište]] i konačno [[Bukurešt]]. |
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== Geography == |
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Wallachia was situated north of the [[Danube]] and south of the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. It was divided by the river [[Olt]] into two regions: the eastern part [[Muntenia]] and the western part [[Oltenia]]. |
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Its neighbours were [[Bulgaria]], after that the [[Ottoman Empire]] to the south, [[Transylvania]] to the north-west and [[Moldavia]] to the north-east. |
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== Značajni vlaški vladari == |
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The capital city changed over time, from [[Curtea de Argeş]] to [[Târgovişte]] and finally [[Bucharest]]. |
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* [[Seneslau]], na zapadnoj strani Rijeke Olt, kod Argeša, oko 1247. |
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Beginning with the [[10th century]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]], [[Bulgaria]]n, [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] sources, and later Western ones mention the existence of small states peopled possibly also by Romanians under leaders known as [[knyaz]]es (Slavonic: prince, ruler) and [[voivod]]s (Slavonic: military leader) - at first in [[Transylvania]], then in the [[12th century|12th]]-[[13th century|13th centuries]] in the territories east and south of the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. A specific characteristic of Romanian history from the Middle Ages to [[Modern Era|modern times]] is that Romanians lived in three adjacent principalities - Wallachia, [[Moldavia]] and [[Transylvania]], separated by the [[Carpathian mountains]]. |
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In the [[14th century]], along with the decline of the neighboring [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]], [[Bulgarian]], [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] and [[Tatars|Tatar]] states, several feudal states formed in the south and the east of the Carpathian Mountains - Wallachia under [[Basarab I]] (around [[1330]]) and Moldavia under [[Bogdan I]] (around [[1359]]). |
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In the second half of the 14th century, a new threat appeared - the [[Ottoman Empire]]. After having first gained a foothold in Europe in [[1354]], the Ottoman Turks reached the south bank of the [[Danube]] in [[1396]]. |
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Alone or allied with the neighbouring [[Christianity|Christian]] countries, [[Mircea the Elder]] ([[1386]]-[[1418]]) and [[Vlad Tepes]] ([[1456]]-[[1462]]) of Wallachia fought many defensive battles against the Ottomans, preventing them from expanding into Central Europe. |
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Mircea the Elder extended Wallachia to the mouths of [[Danube]] around 1400. |
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As the whole [[Balkan Peninsula]] became Turkish territory and following the [[fall of Constantinople]] to [[Mehmed II]] in [[1453]], the Romanian principalities had to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire for more than three centuries, though there were a few attempts to regain independence: ([[Mihai Viteazul|Michael the Brave]] in [[1600]] managed to unite for a short period of time all the three principalities). The tribute paid to the Turks allowed Wallachia (and Moldavia too) to maintain its autonomy. |
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After 1716, the Ottomans decided to cease choosing the voivod from among the Romanian boyars and established the [[Phanariotes|Phanariote regime]]: the rulers were to be appointed from the influential Greeks of the Phanar neighbourhood of Istanbul. |
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The Phanariote rule ended only after the uprising of [[1821]] of [[Tudor Vladimirescu]]. In [[1831]] an act resembling a constitution ("Règlement Organique") was adopted. In [[1859]], Wallachia voted to unite with Moldavia to form the state of [[Romania]], under the rule of [[Alexander John Cuza]]. |
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== Important rulers == |
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* [[Seneslau]], on west side of the Olt river, at [[Arges]], c.a.1247 |
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* [[Neagoe Basarab]], [[1512]]-[[1521]] |
* [[Neagoe Basarab]], [[1512]]-[[1521]] |
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* [[Mihai Viteazul]] ( |
* [[Mihai Viteazul]] (Mihael Hrabri), [[1593]] - [[1601]] |
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* [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]] [[1688]] - [[1714]] |
* [[Constantin Brâncoveanu]] [[1688]] - [[1714]] |
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* [[ |
* [[Aleksandar Jovan Cuza]], [[1859]] - [[1866]] |
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See also the complete [[List of Wallachian rulers]]. |
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== Coat of Arms of Romania == |
== Coat of Arms of Romania == |
Verzija na dan 27 decembar 2005 u 21:14
- Ovaj članak se odnosi na oblast u današnjoj južnoj Rumuniji. Postoje druge oblasti koje se zovu Vlaška poput Moravske Vlaške i Velike Vlaške (Tesalska Vlaška).
Vlaška (takođe poznata kao Vlahia ili Valahia; na rumunskom, Ţara Românească, doslovno "Rumunska zemlja"; na turskom, Eflak; na engleskom, Wallachia ili Walachia) je bivša rumunska kneževina, koja je postojala od kasnog Srednjeg do sredine 19. vijeka. Ime joj je dato prema Vlasima, drugom imenu za Rumune.
Geografija
Vlaška se prostire sjeverno od Dunava i južno od Karpatskih planina. Rijeka Olt dijeli Vlašku na dvije oblasti: istočdi dio, Mutenija, i zapadni dio Oltenija. Na jugu, Vlaška je graničila s Bugarskom i Osmanlijskim carstvom, a na sjeverozapadu s Transilvanijom, te Moldavijom, na sjeveristoku.
Glavni grad je mijenjan tokom vremena, od Curtea de Argeş (Curteja na Argešu), do Trgovište i konačno Bukurešt.
Istorija
Značajni vlaški vladari
- Litovoi, na istočnoj strani Rijeke Olt, 1247-1277,
- Seneslau, na zapadnoj strani Rijeke Olt, kod Argeša, oko 1247.
- Bărbat, oko 1277 - oko 1290
- Tihomir, oko 1290 - oko 1310
- Basarab I, oko 1310 - 1352
- Vladislav I ilim Vlaicu-Vodă, 1364 - oko 1377
- Mircea cel Bătrân (Mircea Stariji), 1386-1418
- Vlad Ţepeş (Car Vlad), 1448, 1456-1462, 1476
- Neagoe Basarab, 1512-1521
- Mihai Viteazul (Mihael Hrabri), 1593 - 1601
- Constantin Brâncoveanu 1688 - 1714
- Aleksandar Jovan Cuza, 1859 - 1866
Coat of Arms of Romania
Wallachia is represented by an eagle in the Coat of Arms of Romania.
External links
- The Romanian Group for an Alternative History Website - provides monument information, original documents, books, studies and other info concerning the Romanian Middle Ages
- orbilat.com: Explaining the etymology of Wallachia