TAAR2

TAAR2
Identifikatori
Aliasi	TAAR2
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 604849 MGI: 2685071 HomoloGene: 110760 GeneCards: TAAR2
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 6 (čovjek)
Kraj	132,624,275 bp
Lokacija gena (miš)
Hrom.	Hromosom 10 (miš)
Kraj	23,817,481 bp
Obrazac RNK ekspresije
	Više referentnih podataka o ekspresiji
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• signal transducer activity; • G protein-coupled receptor activity; • trace-amine receptor activity;
Ćelijska komponenta	• ćelijska membrana; • membrana; • integral component of membrane;
Biološki proces	• GO:0072468 Transdukcija signala; • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	9287
	209512
	ENSG00000146378
	ENSMUSG00000059763
	Q9P1P5
	Q5QD17
	NM_001033080; NM_014626
	NM_001007266
	NP_001028252; NP_055441
	NP_001007267
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek	Pogledaj/uredi – miš

Receptor 2 pridružen aminu u tragovima (TAAR2), ranije znan kao G-protein spregnuti receptor 58 (GPR58), jest protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom TAAR2.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] TAAR2 je koekspresivan sa poteinom G_α^[8], ali do februara 2017. njegovi signalnotransdukcijski mehanizmi nisu utvrđeni.^[8]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 351 aminokiselina, а molekulska težina 40.134 Da.^[9]

C: Cistein

D: Asparaginska kiselina

E: Glutaminska kiselina

F: Fenilalanin

G: Glicin

H: Histidin

I: Izoleucin

K: Lizin

L: Leucin

M: Metionin

N: Asparagin

P: Prolin

Q: Glutamin

R: Arginin

S: Serin

T: Treonin

V: Valin

W: Triptofan

Y: Tirozin

10	20	30	40	50
MAVSSEQHEL	SHFKRTQTKK	EKFNCSEYGN	RSCPENERSL	GVRVAMYSFM
AGSIFITIFG	NLAMIISISY	FKQLHTPTNF	LILSMAITDF	LLGFTIMPYS
MIRSVENCWY	FGLTFCKIYY	SFDLMLSITS	IFHLCSVAID	RFYAICYPLL
YSTKITIPVI	KRLLLLCWSV	PGAFAFGVVF	SEAYADGIEG	YDILVACSSS
CPVMFNKLWG	TTLFMAGFFT	PGSMMVGIYG	KIFAVSRKHA	HAINNLRENQ
NNQVKKDKKA	AKTLGIVIGV	FLLCWFPCFF	TILLDPFLNF	STPVVLFDAL
TWFGYFNSTC	NPLIYGFFYP	WFRRALKYIL	LGKIFSSCFH	NTILCMQKES
E

Funkcija[uredi | uredi izvor]

Ljudski TAAR2 (hTAAR2) eksprimiran je u malom mozgu, mirisnim osjetljivim neuronima u mirisnom epitelu i leukocitima (tj. bijelim krvnim zrncima), između ostalih tkiva.^[10]^[11] hTAAR1 i hTAAR2 su potrebni za aktivaciju bijelih krvnih zrnaca pomoću amina u tragovima u granulocitima.^[12] Fenetilamin, para-tiramin i 3-jodtironamin su potpuni agonisti hTAAR2 sa EC₅₀ vrijednosti od 0,43 ± 0,05 nanomola,0,52 ± 0,05 nM, i 0,25 ± 0,04 nM.^[10]

Kod miševa TAAR2 je eksprimiran u nekoliko regija mozga uključujući hipokampus, mali mozak, korteks, raphe nuclei i habenulu.^[13]

TAAR2-ovi nokaut-miševa imaju značajno viši nivo dopamina u strijatumskom tkivu od divljih vrsta i niži nivo norepinefrina u hipokampusu. Također, TAAR nokaut-miševa ima niži nivo ekspresije MAO-B u srednjem mozgu i strijatumu.^[13]

Jednonukleotidni polimorfizam nonsens mutacija gena TAAR2 povezan je s shizofrenijom.^[8]^[10] TAAR2 je vjerovatni pseudogen u 10–15% Azijata, što je posljedica polimorfizma koji proizvodi prerani stop kodon na aminokiselini 168.^[8]

Kao neselektivni ligand za TAAR2 identificiran je 3-jodo-tironamin (T1AM).^[11]

Također pogledajte[uredi | uredi izvor]

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146378 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059763 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, et al. (februar 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.
^ Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (mart 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.
^ "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25. 6. 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Pristupljeno 22. 2. 2017.
^ "UniProt, Q9P1P5" (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 11. 10. 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c Khan MZ, Nawaz W (oktobar 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.
^ ^a ^b Cichero E, Tonelli M (maj 2017). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 89 (5): 790–796. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038. S2CID 21073152.
^ Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (mart 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425. S2CID 206996784.
^ ^a ^b Kuvarzin S, Efimova E, Mor M, Katolikova N, Smirnova D, Kozlova A, Gainetdinov R (17. 11. 2020). "Trace amine-associated receptor 2: brain expression and it's [sic] role in neurochemistry and behaviour". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 40: S41–S42. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.059.

Vanjski linkovi[uredi | uredi izvor]

Ovaj članak uključuje tekst iz Nacionalne medicinske biblioteke Sjedinjenih Država, koji je u javnom vlasništvu.

Šablon:TAAR ligandi Šablon:G-protein spregnuti receptori Šablon:Transmembranski ereceptori

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146378 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059763 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid10684976-5] Lee DK, Lynch KR, Nguyen T, Im DS, Cheng R, Saldivia VR, et al. (februar 2000). "Cloning and characterization of additional members of the G protein-coupled receptor family". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1490 (3): 311–23. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00241-9. PMID 10684976.

[pmid15718104-6] Lindemann L, Ebeling M, Kratochwil NA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Hoener MC (mart 2005). "Trace amine-associated receptors form structurally and functionally distinct subfamilies of novel G protein-coupled receptors". Genomics. 85 (3): 372–85. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.11.010. PMID 15718104.

[entrez-7] "Entrez Gene: TAAR2 trace amine associated receptor 2".

[IUPHAR_TAAR2-8] Davenport AP, Alexander S, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga C, Battey J, Benya RV, Jensen RT, Karnik S, Kostenis E, Spindel E, Storjohann L, Tirupula K, Bonner TI, Neubig R, Pin JP, Spedding M, Harmar A (25. 6. 2015). "TAAR2". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Pristupljeno 22. 2. 2017.

[UniProt-9] "UniProt, Q9P1P5" (jezik: engleski). Pristupljeno 11. 10. 2021.

[Human_trace_amines_and_hTAARs_October_2016_review-10] Khan MZ, Nawaz W (oktobar 2016). "The emerging roles of human trace amines and human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) in central nervous system". Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 83: 439–449. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.07.002. PMID 27424325.

[TAAR2_3-iodothyronamine-11] Cichero E, Tonelli M (maj 2017). "New insights into the structure of the trace amine-associated receptor 2: Homology modelling studies exploring the binding mode of 3-iodothyronamine". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 89 (5): 790–796. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12903. PMID 27863038. S2CID 21073152.

[pmid23315425-12] Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (mart 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine-associated receptors TAAR1 and TAAR2". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 93 (3): 387–94. doi:10.1189/jlb.0912433. PMID 23315425. S2CID 206996784.

[:0-13] Kuvarzin S, Efimova E, Mor M, Katolikova N, Smirnova D, Kozlova A, Gainetdinov R (17. 11. 2020). "Trace amine-associated receptor 2: brain expression and it's [sic] role in neurochemistry and behaviour". European Neuropsychopharmacology. 40: S41–S42. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.059.

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