PTMS

PTMS
Identifikatori
Aliasi	PTMS
Vanjski ID-jevi	OMIM: 168440 HomoloGene: 136762 GeneCards: PTMS
Lokacija gena (čovjek)
Hrom.	Hromosom 12 (čovjek)
Kraj	6,770,952 bp
Ontologija gena
Molekularna funkcija	• vezivanje iona cinka;
Ćelijska komponenta	• jedro;
Biološki proces	• Replikacija DNK; • immune system process;
	Izvori:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolozi
	5763
	n/a
	ENSG00000159335
	n/a
	P20962
	n/a
	NM_002824; NM_001330333
	n/a
	NP_001317262; NP_002815
	n/a
	Wikipodaci
Pogledaj/uredi – čovjek

Paratimozin je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom PTMS.^[3]^[4]

Studije o timozinima započele su 1965. godine, kada je grupa A. Whitea tražila timusne faktore odgovorne za fiziološke funkcije timusa. Za obnavljanje funkcije timusa kod životinja bez timusa ili imunodeficijencije, kao i kod ljudi sa primarnim bolestima sa nedostatkom imunosti i kod imunosupresivnih pacijenata, pripremljen je standardizirani ekstrakt iz timusne žlijezde goveda pod nazivom timozinska frakcija 5. Frakcija timozina 5 zaista je poboljšala imunski odgovor. Ispostavilo se da se frakcija timozina 5 sastoji od mješavine malih polipeptida. Kasnije je nekoliko ovih peptida (polipeptid beta 1, timozin alfa 1, protimozin alfa, paratimosin i timozin beta 4) izolirano i testirano na njihovu biološku aktivnost. Istraživanja mnogih grupa pokazala su da nijedan od izoliranih peptida nije zaista timusni hormon; ipak, oni su biološki važni peptidi s različitim unutarćelijskim i vanćelijskim funkcijama. Studije o ovim funkcijama su još u toku.^[5]

Aminokiselinska sekvenca[uredi | uredi izvor]

Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 102 aminokiseline, a molekulska težina 11.530 Da.^[6]

10	20	30	40	50
MSEKSVEAAA	ELSAKDLKEK	KEKVEEKASR	KERKKEVVEE	EENGAEEEEE
ETAEDGEEED	EGEEEDEEEE	EEDDEGPALK	RAAEEEDEAD	PKRQKTENGA
SA

Simboli

C: Cistein
D: Asparaginska kiselina
E: Glutaminska kiselina
F: Fenilalanin
G: Glicin
H: Histidin
I: Izoleucin
K: Lizin
L: Leucin
M: Metionin
N: Asparagin
P: Prolin
Q: Glutamin
R: Arginin
S: Serin
T: Treonin
V: Valin
W: Triptofan
Y: Tirozin

Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159335 - Ensembl, maj 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Martic G, Karetsou Z, Kefala K, Politou AS, Clapier CR, Straub T, Papamarcaki T (Apr 2005). "Parathymosin affects the binding of linker histone H1 to nucleosomes and remodels chromatin structure". J Biol Chem. 280 (16): 16143–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410175200. PMID 15716277.
^ "Entrez Gene: PTMS parathymosin".
^ Hannappel E, Huff T (2003). "The thymosins. Prothymosin alpha, parathymosin, and beta-thymosins: structure and function". Vitam. Horm. 66: 257–96. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(03)01007-0. PMID 12852257.
^ "UniProt, P20962". Pristupljeno 13. 8. 2021.

Dopunska literatura[uredi | uredi izvor]

Hannappel E, Huff T (2003). "The thymosins. Prothymosin alpha, parathymosin, and beta-thymosins: structure and function". Vitam. Horm. 66: 257–96. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(03)01007-0. PMID 12852257.
Clinton M, Graeve L, el-Dorry H, et al. (1991). "Evidence for nuclear targeting of prothymosin and parathymosin synthesized in situ". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (15): 6608–12. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.15.6608. PMC 52136. PMID 1862085.
Panneerselvam C, Caldarella J, Horecker BL (1988). "A radioimmunoassay for parathymosin". J. Immunol. Methods. 104 (1–2): 131–6. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(87)90496-0. PMID 2445824.
Clinton M, Frangou-Lazaridis M, Panneerselvam C, Horecker BL (1989). "The sequence of human parathymosin deduced from a cloned human kidney cDNA". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 158 (3): 855–62. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)92801-5. PMID 2537638.
Szabo P, Clinton M, Macera M, Horecker BL (1989). "Localization of the gene coding for parathymosin to chromosome 17 in humans". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 50 (2–3): 91–2. doi:10.1159/000132730. PMID 2776490.
Kondili K, Tsolas O, Papamarcaki T (1997). "Selective interaction between parathymosin and histone H1". Eur. J. Biochem. 242 (1): 67–74. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0067r.x. PMID 8954154.
Bruniquel D, Borie N, Triebel F (1998). "Genomic organization of the human LAG-3/CD4 locus". Immunogenetics. 47 (1): 96–8. doi:10.1007/s002510050332. PMID 9382927. S2CID 11259106.
Okamoto K, Isohashi F (2000). "Purification and primary structure of a macromolecular-translocation inhibitor II of glucocorticoid-receptor binding to nuclei from rat liver. Inhibitor II is the 11.5-kDa Zn2+-binding protein (parathymosin)". Eur. J. Biochem. 267 (1): 155–62. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.00987.x. PMID 10601862.
Vareli K, Frangou-Lazaridis M, van der Kraan I, et al. (2000). "Nuclear distribution of prothymosin alpha and parathymosin: evidence that prothymosin alpha is associated with RNA synthesis processing and parathymosin with early DNA replication". Exp. Cell Res. 257 (1): 152–61. doi:10.1006/excr.2000.4857. PMID 10854063.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159335 - Ensembl, maj 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid15716277-3] Martic G, Karetsou Z, Kefala K, Politou AS, Clapier CR, Straub T, Papamarcaki T (Apr 2005). "Parathymosin affects the binding of linker histone H1 to nucleosomes and remodels chromatin structure". J Biol Chem. 280 (16): 16143–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M410175200. PMID 15716277.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: PTMS parathymosin".

[5] Hannappel E, Huff T (2003). "The thymosins. Prothymosin alpha, parathymosin, and beta-thymosins: structure and function". Vitam. Horm. 66: 257–96. doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(03)01007-0. PMID 12852257.

[UniProt-6] "UniProt, P20962". Pristupljeno 13. 8. 2021.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]