TPT1
Translacijski kontrolirani tumorski protein ili TCPT (eng. Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein: TCTP) je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran genom TPT1.[4][5][6] TCTP protein se također naziva i Q23.[7] P21,[8] P23,[9] histamin-otpuštajući faktor (HRF),[10] i fortilin.[11] TCTP je multifunkcijski i visoko konzervirani protein koji je sveprisutan u različitim vrstama eukariota i široko rasprostranjen u različitim tkivima i tipovima ćelija.[12]
Mapiran je na hromosomu 13, sekvencaq12-q1413.[5] Ljudski gen sadrži pet introna i šest egzona i promotor, sa kanonskim TATA-kutijom i nekoliko promotorskih elemenata, koji su kod sisaradobro konzervirani.[13] Test sa reporter genom pokazuje snažnu promotorsku aktivnost, uporedivu sa virusnim promotorima.[14]
Ljudski translacijski kontrolirani tumorski protein (hTCTP) je protein povezan s rastom, koji veže kalcij.[15]
Aminokiselinska sekvenca[uredi | uredi izvor]
Dužina polipeptidnog lanca je 172 aminokiseline, a molekulska težina 19 595 Da.[16]
10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MIIYRDLISH | DEMFSDIYKI | REIADGLCLE | VEGKMVSRTE | GNIDDSLIGG | ||||
NASAEGPEGE | GTESTVITGV | DIVMNHHLQE | TSFTKEAYKK | YIKDYMKSIK | ||||
GKLEEQRPER | VKPFMTGAAE | QIKHILANFK | NYQFFIGENM | NPDGMVALLD | ||||
YREDGVTPYM | IFFKDGLEME | KC |
- Simboli
C: Cistein
D: Asparaginska kiselina
E: Glutaminska kiselina
F: Fenilalanin
G: Glicin
H: Histidin
I: Izoleucin
K: Lizin
L: Leucin
M: Metionin
N: Asparagin
P: Prolinr>
Q: Glutamin
R: Arginin
S: Serin
T: Treonin
V: Valin
W: Triptofan
Y: Tirozin
Struktura[uredi | uredi izvor]
Poravnavanje sekvenci TCTP iz više od 30 različitih vrsta otkriva visok stepen konzerviranosti tokom dugog perioda evolucije.
Struktura rastvora TCTP iz kvasca, Schizosaccharomyces pombe utvrđena je NMR-spektroskopijom koja je pokazala da je ovaj protein strukturno sličan s dva mala šaperona bez guaninskih nukleotida, Mss4 i Dss4.[17] TCTP and Mss4/Dss4 are now therefore structurally grouped into one protein superfamily.[13]
Translacijski kontrolirani tumorski protein (TCTP) uključen je u širok raspon molekulskih interakcija s biološkim i nebiološkim partnerima različitih hemijskih sastava kao što su proteini, peptidi, nukleinske kiseline, ugljikohidrati ili male molekule. TCTP je stoga važna i svestrana platforma za povezivanje. Mnoge od ovih interakcija protein-protein su potvrđene, iako je samo nekolicina dobila dubinsku strukturnu karakterizaciju. U TCTP/tpt1-remodelirajućim signalnim matičnim ćelijama do bolesti, fokus je na strukturnoj analizi TCTP -a i pregledu dostupne literature o njegovoj interakcijskoj mreži iz strukturne perspektive.[18]
Obilježja[uredi | uredi izvor]
TCTP je protein od 20-25 kDa koji se obilno i sveprisutno eksprimira u ćeliji. Transkribira se u više od 500 različitih tkiva i tipova ćelija; Ljudski (hTCTP) gen jedan je od 10 najpoznatijih i najčešće prisutnih gena kod ljudi, ispitivanjem biblioteke od 1.753 različitih tkiva,[19] but differed considerably in their quantity and ratio of expression. The expression is lower in kidney and renal cells.[20] This indicates an extensive transcriptional control and involvement of tissue-specific factors.[13]
Većina publikacija je utvrdila da je TCTP citoplazmatski protein, ali je prijavljena i jedarna lokalizacija, kao i vanćelijska aktivnost; međutim, proces sekrecije nije pronađen.[13]
Funkcija[uredi | uredi izvor]
Obilje i sveprisutnost ukazuju na to da TCTP može imati važne primarne funkcije. Međutim, veliki broj ćelijskih i biohemijskih funkcija otkriven je od 1980-ih. Većina ovih funkcija može se klasificirati u tri grupe.[15]
Povezano sa rastom[uredi | uredi izvor]
TCTP ima svojstva proteina koji veže tubulin, a ovaj se povezuje s mikrotubulama na način ovisan o ćelijskom ciklusu.[21][22]
Prolazna prekomjerna ekspresija TCTP-a u HeLa ćelijama spriječila ih je da prođu apoptozu izazvanu etopozidom. Ekspresija TCTP u U2OS (epitelne ćelije osteosarkoma ljudske kosti) štitila ih je od ćelijske smrti, inducirano etopozidom u različitim koncentracijama i trajanju izloženosti.[11] Prekomjerna ekspresija TCTP-a inhibirala je sličnu aktivnost kaspaze-3, procjenjuje se, cijepanjem fluorogenog supstrata.[11]
Nivoi ekspresije TCTP su sniženi na nivou iRNK i proteina tokom supresije tumora i aktivacijom p53 i Siah-1, vrlo dobro poznatih antitumorskih gena.[23][24] Podregulacija TCTP-a može izazvati reverziju tumora, a u kombinaciji s nekim lijekovima koji smanjuju razinu TCTP-a i dovesti do ubijanja tumorskih ćelija.[25] Destrukcija TCTP-a u primarnim tumorskim ćelijama dojke rezultira povećanom ekspresijom p53 i smanjenim brojem ćelija raka sličnih stabljici.[26]
Smanjenje nivoa TCTP (dTCTP) u Drosophila smanjuje veličinu ćelija, broj ćelija i veličinu organa, što oponaša mutirane fenotipove Drosophila rheb (dRheb ); ljudski TCTP (hTCTP) pokazuje slična biohemijska svojstva u odnosu na dTCTP.
Vezano za imunost[uredi | uredi izvor]
TCTP je uzrokovao oslobađanje histamina iz ljudskih bazofila subpopulacije donora, a to oslobađanje ovisilo je o IgE.[10][27]
Ekspresija TCTP-a regulirana je na dva različita nivoa; iscrpljivanje kalcija u ER uzrokuje povećanje obilja TCTP-a iRNK, a povećane koncentracije citosolnog kalcija reguliraju ekspresiju gena na posttranskripcijskom nivou.[20][28][29]
Podregulacija nivoa proteina pomoću siRNK u HTR-8/SVneo (Homo sapiens ćelije posteljice) bila je povezana sa smanjenom ćelijskom aktivnošću unosa kalcija i puferskog kapaciteta.[13]
Povezano sa kancerom[uredi | uredi izvor]
Translacijski kontrolirani tumorski protein ima ulogu u razvoju i reverziji tumora.[30][31]
Translacijski kontrolirani tumorski protein (TCTP/tpt1) regulator je odjeljka matičnih čelija raka,[32] reverzije tumora,[33][34] tumorske progresije i određenih oblika [[upala|upalnih bolesti.[10] Štaviše, TCTP je opisan kao protein za preživljavanje koji antagonizira BAX funkciju.[35]
Interakcije[uredi | uredi izvor]
Pokazalo se da TCTP ima interakcije sa:
Reference[uredi | uredi izvor]
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|volume=
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<ref>
; nije naveden tekst za reference s imenomSanchez_1997
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