Razlika između verzija stranice "Berberi"

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{{Infokutija etnička grupa
|grupa = Berberi<br />{{small|'''البربر ,الأمازيغ'''}}<br />{{small|''Imaziɣen''}}<br />{{small|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵎⵣⵗⵏ}}
|slika = [[Slika:Berber_flag.svg|225px|Berberska etnička zastava]]
|ukupno = 20–30 miliona<ref>''Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia.'' Ed. Steven L. Danver, M. E. Sharpe/Mesa Verde Publishing, 2013, p. 23f.</ref><ref name="Berber people">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Berber|title=Berber people|access-date=2016-08-17}}</ref><ref name="Berber speakers">{{cite web |url= http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/05/05/north-africa-berbers-get-boost-from-arab-spring/ |title= North Africa's Berbers get boost from Arab Spring |publisher=[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]] |date= 5 May 2012 |accessdate= 8 December 2013}}</ref> – 50 miliona<ref name="Bilingualism, p. 860">{{cite book|authors=Tej K. Bhatia, William C. Ritchie|title=The Handbook of Bilingualism|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=0631227350|page=860|url=https://www.google.com/books?id=pNqVaUk4dM0C|accessdate=16 July 2016}}</ref>
|popmjesta =
|regija1 = {{ZID|Maroko}}
|pop1 = od ≈ 10 miliona<ref> name="Berber people"</ref> do ≈ 12 miliona<ref> name="minorityrights.org"</ref><ref>Peter Prengaman: [http://m.sfgate.com/news/article/Morocco-s-Berbers-Battle-to-Keep-From-Losing-2941557.php ''Morocco's Berbers Battle to Keep From Losing Their Culture / Arab minority forces majority to abandon native language''], Chronicle Foreign Service, March 16, 2001, on sfgate.com.</ref><ref>name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca"</ref>
|ref1 =
|regija2 = {{ZID|Alžir}}
|pop2 = od 9 miliona<ref> name="Berber people"</ref> do ≈ 13 miliona<ref> name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca"</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35515769 |title= Algeria reinstates term limit and recognises Berber language |work= BBC News}}</ref>
|ref2 =
|regija3 = {{ZID|Libija}}
|pop3 = ~3,850,000<ref name="Bilingualism, p. 860"/>
|ref3 =
|regija4 = {{ZID|Tunis}}
|pop4 = 110,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tsg.html|title=Tunisia|publisher=The World Factbook}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> to ≈ 389,652<ref name="Bilingualism, p. 860"/>
|ref4 =
|regija5 = {{ZID|Francuska}}
|pop5 = više od 2 miliona<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140929080724/http://www.dglflf.culture.gouv.fr/lgfrance/lgfrance_presentation.htm ''Les langues de France : un patrimoine méconnu, une réalité vivante''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140929080724/http://www.dglflf.culture.gouv.fr/lgfrance/lgfrance_presentation.htm |date=2014-09-29 }}, originally published by CultureComm unication.gouv.fr.</ref>
|ref5 =
|regija6 = {{ZID|Mauritanija}}
|pop6 = 2,883,000 (2,768,000<ref>{{cite book|last1=Scholastic Library Publishing|title=Lands and Peoples: Africa|date=2005|publisher=Grolier|isbn=0717280241|page=135|url=https://archive.org/details/landspeoples00unse|accessdate=17 August 2016}}; Moors 80% of population of 3,460,000</ref> i 115,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15607/MR|title=Tuareg, Tamasheq in Mauritania|author=Joshua Project|publisher=}}</ref>)
|ref6 =
|regija7 = {{ZID|Niger}}
|pop7 = 1,620,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ng.html|title=Niger|publisher=The World Factbook}}</ref>
|ref7 =
|regija8 = {{ZID|Mali}}
|pop8 = 850,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ml.html|title=Mali|publisher=The World Factbook}}</ref>
|ref8 =
|regija9 = {{ZID|Belgija}}
|pop9 = 500,000 <small>(uključujući potomke)</small><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2016/03/23/la-belgique-est-devenue-un-trou-noir-securitaire_4888420_3232.html|title=Au cœur des réseaux djihadistes européens, le passé douloureux du Rif marocain|last=Truong|first=Nicolas|date=2016-03-23|newspaper=Le Monde.fr|language=fr|issn=1950-6244|access-date=2016-11-16}}</ref>
|ref9 =
|regija10 = {{ZID|Holandija}}
|pop10 = 367,455 <small>(uključujući potomke)</small>
|ref10 =
|regija11 = {{ZID|Burkina Faso}}
|pop11 = 50,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15607/UV|title=Tuareg, Tamasheq in Burkina Faso|author=Joshua Project|publisher=}}</ref>
|ref11 =
|regija12 = {{ZID|Egipat}}
|pop12 = 34,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14958/EG|title=Berber, Siwa in Egypt|author=Joshua Project|publisher=}}</ref> or 1,826,580<ref name="Bilingualism, p. 860"/>
|ref12 =
|regija13 = {{ZID|Kanada}}
|pop13 = 37,060 <small>(uključujući one sa mješanim potomstvom)</small><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=01&Geo2=&Code2=&Data=Count&SearchText=Canada&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1|title=Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]|first=Statistics Canada|last=Government of Canada|date=February 8, 2017|website=www12.statcan.gc.ca}}</ref>
|ref13 =
|regija14 = {{ZID|SAD}}
|pop14 = 1,327<ref>{{cite web |author=US Census Bureau|title=The Arab Population: 2000| url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-23.pdf|accessdate=2013-05-05
}}</ref>
|ref14 =
|regija15 =
|pop15 =
|ref15 =
|regija16 =
|pop16 =
|ref16 =
|jezici = Berberski jezici (Tamazight), tradicionalno se piše sa Tifinahskom (Tifinagh) abecedom, također se koristi i Berberska latinica;<br />Arapski dijalekti (Magrebski)
|vjera = Preovladava [[Sunitski Islam]].<br> Manjine pripadaju drugim Islamskim ograncima ([[Šiitski islam|Šiiti]], Ibadije), [[Kršćanstvo]] (uglavnom [[Protestantizam]]),<ref name="Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background">{{cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/16338087/Believers_in_Christ_from_a_Muslim_Background_A_Global_Census |title=Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census &#124; Duane A Miller Botero - Academia.edu |publisher= academia.edu |accessdate= 27 March 2016}}</ref><ref>*{{fr icon}} [http://matoub.kabylie.free.fr/kabylie/article.php3?id_article=174 Sadek Lekdja: ''Christianity in Kabylie'', Radio France Internationale, 7 mai 2001].</ref> [[Judaizam]] i tradicionalne religije
|vezano = [[Afroazijski jezici|druge Afroazijske grupe ljudi]]<ref>Blench, Roger. Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Rowman: Altamira, 2006 {{ISBN|9780759104662}}</ref><ref>Diakonoff, Igor. The Earliest Semitic Society: Linguistic Data. Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 43 Iss. 2 (1998).</ref><ref name="Shirai, Noriyuki 2010">Shirai, Noriyuki. The Archaeology of the First Farmer-Herders in Egypt: New Insights into the Fayum Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic. Leiden University Press, 2010. {{ISBN|9789087280796}}.</ref><ref name=blench2006>Blench R (2006) Archaeology, Language, and the African Past, Rowman Altamira, {{ISBN|0-7591-0466-2}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7591-0466-2}}, books.google.be/books?id=esFy3Po57A8C</ref><ref name=Ehret2004>Ehret C, Keita SOY, Newman P (2004) The Origins of Afroasiatic a response to Diamond and Bellwood (2003) in the Letters of SCIENCE 306, no. 5702, p. 1680 {{doi|10.1126/science.306.5702.1680c}}</ref><ref name=bender1997>Bender ML (1997), Upside Down Afrasian, Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 50, pp. 19–34</ref><ref name=militarev2005>Militarev A (2005) Once more about glottochronology and comparative method: the Omotic-Afrasian case, Аспекты компаративистики – 1 (Aspects of comparative linguistics – 1). FS S. Starostin. Orientalia et Classica II (Moscow), p. 339-408. http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/fleming.pdf</ref>
}}
'''Berberi''' ({{jez-ber|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ}} ''Imaziɣen/Imazighen'', "Slobodnjaci", jednina: ''Amaziɣ''/''Amazigh'') je jedan grupni naziv za rodove sjeverne Afrike koji pričaju [[berberski]]m jezikom. Ime Berber dolazi iz [[grčki jezik|grčke]] riječi barbar.
'''Berberi''' ({{jez-ber|ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ}} ''Imaziɣen/Imazighen'', "Slobodnjaci", jednina: ''Amaziɣ''/''Amazigh'') je jedan grupni naziv za rodove sjeverne Afrike koji pričaju [[berberski]]m jezikom. Ime Berber dolazi iz [[grčki jezik|grčke]] riječi barbar.


Red 73: Red 131:
{{Evropski muslimani}}
{{Evropski muslimani}}
[[Kategorija:Afrički narodi]]
[[Kategorija:Afrički narodi]]
== Reference ==

Verzija na dan 29 august 2019 u 14:24

Berberi
البربر ,الأمازيغ
Imaziɣen
ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵎⵣⵗⵏ
Berberska etnička zastava
Ukupna populacija
20–30 miliona[1][2][3] – 50 miliona[4]
Značajno stanovništvo u
Marokood ≈ 10 miliona[5] do ≈ 12 miliona[6][7][8]
Alžirod 9 miliona[9] do ≈ 13 miliona[10][11]
Libija~3,850,000[4]
Tunis110,000[12] to ≈ 389,652[4]
Francuskaviše od 2 miliona[13]
Mauritanija2,883,000 (2,768,000[14] i 115,000[15])
Niger1,620,000[16]
Mali850,000[17]
Belgija500,000 (uključujući potomke)[18]
Holandija367,455 (uključujući potomke)
Burkina Faso50,000[19]
Egipat34,000[20] or 1,826,580[4]
Kanada37,060 (uključujući one sa mješanim potomstvom)[21]
SAD1,327[22]
Jezik
Berberski jezici (Tamazight), tradicionalno se piše sa Tifinahskom (Tifinagh) abecedom, također se koristi i Berberska latinica;
Arapski dijalekti (Magrebski)
Vjera
Preovladava Sunitski Islam.
Manjine pripadaju drugim Islamskim ograncima (Šiiti, Ibadije), Kršćanstvo (uglavnom Protestantizam),[23][24] Judaizam i tradicionalne religije
Vezane etničke grupe
druge Afroazijske grupe ljudi[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]

Berberi (berberski jezici: ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ Imaziɣen/Imazighen, "Slobodnjaci", jednina: Amaziɣ/Amazigh) je jedan grupni naziv za rodove sjeverne Afrike koji pričaju berberskim jezikom. Ime Berber dolazi iz grčke riječi barbar.

Porijeklo

O porijeklu Berbera ili Imazighena je jako malo poznato. Oni slove danas za autohtoni narod sjeverne Afrike.

Smatra se da su njihovi predhodnici bili Numidi, Garamanteni i Libijci. Grčki pisac historije Herodot ih spominje u svojim djelima.

Jezik

Berberi, Irifian ili Imazighen (Amazigh) su semitsko-hamitska (afroazijski jezici) jezička i narodna grupa u sjevernoj Africi i zapadnom Egiptu. Pišu vlastitim pismom Tifinagh, ali i arapskim i latinskim pismom.

Dio stanovništva Alžira, Maroka i Tunisa je berberskog porijekla, koji je od 7. vijeka od kad traje arapska ekspanzija sve više arabiziran, tako da danas samo manje grupe stanovništva se mogu smatrati Berberima. Berbera ima i u Libiji, Mauritaniji, Egiptu i u pojedinim zapadnoafričkim zemljama, najviše u Nigeru, Čadu i Maliju.

Kultura

Berberi su bili matrijarhalno organizirani. S izuzetkom Tuarega svi Berberi imaju stalna prebivališta. Oni posjeduju vlastiti kalendar, koji je zamalo pao u zaborav. Njihov početak računanja vremena počinje 950. p. n. e. Taj datum odgovara krunisanju berberskog kralja, poznatog pod imenom Šeshonk I. u Egiptu, on osniva dinastiju Bubastida, nazvanu tako prema glavnom gradu Bubastis u Nildelti.

Poznati Berberi

Berberski ratnici, folklor Maroka
  • Terencije, jedan od najpoznatiji antičkih autora komedije.
  • Augustin iz Hippoa, rođen kao Augustinus Aurelius u Thagasteu. Crkveni učenjak, svetac, osnivač isposničkog reda i uzor Martina Lutera. Njegova majka je dolazila iz jedne kršćanske berberske familije.
  • Ibn Khaldoun, Izumitelj historije. On slovi za najčuvenijeg arapskog srednjevjekovnog historičara.
  • Edith Piaf, francuska šansonjerka. Njen otac je bio Louis Alphonse Gassion. Njena majka Anita Maillard je bila kabilskog porijekla.
  • Isabelle Adjani, francuska glumica. Kćer francuskog Kabila (Mohamed Adjani) i njemačke majke (Augusta).
  • Jacques Villeret, francuski glumac. Njegovo pravo ime glasi Mohamed Boufroura. On je bio sin alžirskog Kabila Ahmeda Boufroura i francuske majke Annette Bonin.

Također pogledajte

Literatura

Njemački

  • Brandes, Jörg-Dieter : Die Geschichte der Berber - von den Berberdynastien des Mittelalters zum Maghreb der Neuzeit , Gernsbach , Katz , 2004 , ISBN 3-925825-87-8
  • Courtney-Clarke, Margaret , Brooks, Geraldine , Kluy, Alexander : Die Berber-Frauen - Kunst und Kultur in Nordafrika , München , Frederking und Thaler , 1997 , ISBN 3-89405-357-7
  • Kratochwil, Gabi : Die Berber in der historischen Entwicklung Algeriens von 1949 bis 1990 - zur Konstruktion einer ethnischen Identität , Berlin , Schwarz , 1996 , ISBN 3-87997-254-0
  • Tilmatine, Mohamed : "Berber" in Algerien , Göttingen , Ges. für Bedrohte Völker , 1996

Francuski

  • Arezki, Dalila : L'identité berbère , Paris , Séguier , Biarritz , Atlantica , 2004 , ISBN 2-84049-393-4
  • Chaker, Salem : Études berbères et chamito-sémitiques , Paris [u.a.] , Peeters , 2000 , ISBN 90-429-0826-2
  • Leguil, Alphonse : Contes berbères grivois du Haut-Atlas , Paris [u.a.] , Harmattan , 2000 , ISBN 2-7384-9904-X
  • Hélène Claudot-Hawad: Touaregs. Apprivoiser le désert, Paris : Gallimard, 2002. (Collection Découvertes Gallimard; Cultures et société; n° 418).
  • Bougchiche, Lamara : Langues et littératures berbères des origines à nos jours , Paris , Ibis Press , 1997 , ISBN 2-910728-02-1
  • Leguil, Alphonse : Contes berbères de l'Atlas de Marrakech , Paris , L'Harmattan , 1988 , ISBN 2-7384-0163-5
  • Féry, Raymond : Médecin chez les Berbères , Versailles , Ed. de l'Atlanthrope , 1986 , ISBN 2-86442-013-9
  • Hachid, Malika : Les premiers Berbères - entre Méditerranée, Tassili et Nil , Aix-en-Provence , Édisud , 2000 , ISBN 2-7449-0227-6
  • Allioui, Youcef : Timsal, énigmes berbères de Kabylie - commentaire linguistique et ethnographique , Paris , Ed. L'Harmattan , 1990 , ISBN 2-7384-0627-0
  • Chaker , Salem : Amaziɣ (le/un) Berbère - Linguistique berbère. Études de syntaxe et de diachronie , Paris , Peeters , 1995 , ISBN 2-87723-152-6
  • Direche-Slimani, Karima : Chrétiens de Kabylie , Saint-Denis , Ed. Bouchene , 2004 , ISBN 2-912946-77-8

Vanjski linkovi


Reference

  1. ^ Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia. Ed. Steven L. Danver, M. E. Sharpe/Mesa Verde Publishing, 2013, p. 23f.
  2. ^ "Berber people". Pristupljeno 2016-08-17.
  3. ^ "North Africa's Berbers get boost from Arab Spring". Fox News. 5 May 2012. Pristupljeno 8 December 2013. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
  4. ^ a b c d Tej K. Bhatia, William C. Ritchie (2006). The Handbook of Bilingualism. John Wiley & Sons. str. 860. ISBN 0631227350. Pristupljeno 16 July 2016. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link) CS1 održavanje: upotreba parametra authors (link)
  5. ^ name="Berber people"
  6. ^ name="minorityrights.org"
  7. ^ Peter Prengaman: Morocco's Berbers Battle to Keep From Losing Their Culture / Arab minority forces majority to abandon native language, Chronicle Foreign Service, March 16, 2001, on sfgate.com.
  8. ^ name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca"
  9. ^ name="Berber people"
  10. ^ name="axl.cefan.ulaval.ca"
  11. ^ "Algeria reinstates term limit and recognises Berber language". BBC News.
  12. ^ "Tunisia". The World Factbook.[trajno mrtav link]
  13. ^ Les langues de France : un patrimoine méconnu, une réalité vivante Arhivirano 29. 9. 2014. na Wayback Machine, originally published by CultureComm unication.gouv.fr.
  14. ^ Scholastic Library Publishing (2005). Lands and Peoples: Africa. Grolier. str. 135. ISBN 0717280241. Pristupljeno 17 August 2016. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link); Moors 80% of population of 3,460,000
  15. ^ Joshua Project. "Tuareg, Tamasheq in Mauritania".
  16. ^ "Niger". The World Factbook.
  17. ^ "Mali". The World Factbook.
  18. ^ Truong, Nicolas (2016-03-23). "Au cœur des réseaux djihadistes européens, le passé douloureux du Rif marocain". Le Monde.fr (jezik: francuski). ISSN 1950-6244. Pristupljeno 2016-11-16.
  19. ^ Joshua Project. "Tuareg, Tamasheq in Burkina Faso".
  20. ^ Joshua Project. "Berber, Siwa in Egypt".
  21. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 8, 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Canada [Country] and Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca.
  22. ^ US Census Bureau. "The Arab Population: 2000" (PDF). Pristupljeno 2013-05-05. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
  23. ^ "Believers in Christ from a Muslim Background: A Global Census | Duane A Miller Botero - Academia.edu". academia.edu. Pristupljeno 27 March 2016. CS1 održavanje: nepreporučeni parametar (link)
  24. ^ *Šablon:Fr icon Sadek Lekdja: Christianity in Kabylie, Radio France Internationale, 7 mai 2001.
  25. ^ Blench, Roger. Archaeology, Language, and the African Past. Rowman: Altamira, 2006 ISBN 9780759104662
  26. ^ Diakonoff, Igor. The Earliest Semitic Society: Linguistic Data. Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 43 Iss. 2 (1998).
  27. ^ Shirai, Noriyuki. The Archaeology of the First Farmer-Herders in Egypt: New Insights into the Fayum Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic. Leiden University Press, 2010. ISBN 9789087280796.
  28. ^ Blench R (2006) Archaeology, Language, and the African Past, Rowman Altamira, ISBN 0-7591-0466-2, ISBN 978-0-7591-0466-2, books.google.be/books?id=esFy3Po57A8C
  29. ^ Ehret C, Keita SOY, Newman P (2004) The Origins of Afroasiatic a response to Diamond and Bellwood (2003) in the Letters of SCIENCE 306, no. 5702, p. 1680 doi:10.1126/science.306.5702.1680c
  30. ^ Bender ML (1997), Upside Down Afrasian, Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 50, pp. 19–34
  31. ^ Militarev A (2005) Once more about glottochronology and comparative method: the Omotic-Afrasian case, Аспекты компаративистики – 1 (Aspects of comparative linguistics – 1). FS S. Starostin. Orientalia et Classica II (Moscow), p. 339-408. http://starling.rinet.ru/Texts/fleming.pdf